Department of Literature, Communication and Publishing

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Dhana ya Vina na Mizani na Dhima yake katika Ushairi wa Kisasa wa Kiswahili
(TUKI, 2020-05-04) Mutembei, Aldin, K.
Katika makala hii, tunajadili dhana ya vina na mizani na kuhakiki dhima yake kama inavyojitokeza katika shairi la Kiswahili. Katika kufanya hivi, tumehakiki mitazamo ya pande mbili ambazo mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1960 ziliibua makundi mawili yaliyozusha mjadala mkali kuhusiana na maana ya ushairi wa Kiswahili. Kundi la kwanza linajulikana kama wanamapokeo. Kundi hili lilishikilia kuwa urari wa vina na mizani na kuimbika kwa shairi ni vipengele vya lazima katika kuufanya utungo uwe shairi la Kiswahili; na kundi la pili lilikuwa na mtazamo kuwa vipengele hivyo si vya lazima, na kuwa si lazima ushairi wa Kiswahili uimbike. Kundi hili linajulikana kama wanamabadiliko (au wanausasa). Makala inajadili na kupendekeza mtazamo mwingine wa kuviangalia vina na mizani katika shairi la Kiswahili. Katika makala hii, tumetumia Nadharia ya Mwitiko wa Msomaji ili kujadili maana aipatayo msomaji wa shairi la Kiswahili kuhusiana na vina na mizani. Makala imejibu maswali mawili: Je, kuna namna moja ya kuangalia maana ya vina na mizani? Je, inawezekana kuwa na vina na mizani katika shairi lisiloimbika? Makala inahitimisha mjadala kwa kudai kuwa ikiwa makundi yote mawili yangeangalia vipengele hivi kiuamilifu, yangefikia uamuzi unaofanana au angalau kukaribiana kuhusiana na nafasi ya vina na mizani katika shairi la Kiswahili. Kwa mantiki hiyo, labda kusingejitokeza mgogoro wa ushairi kama uliotokea.
The Future of East African Orature in the Digital Age: Kiswahili Narratives in the Social Media
(Katedra Języków i Kultur Afryki, Wydział Orientalistyczny, Uniwersytet Warszawski, 2017-09-14) Mutembei, Aldin, K.
According to Afroline report (see, http://www.afronline.org/?p=16226), the use of mobile phones in Africa is on the rise. By the end of 2011 there were more than 500 million mobile phone subscribers in Africa. East Africa is one of the leading regions in Africa, not only in mobile phone usage, but also in the way people are interact-ing through various social media. Google, for example, is witnessing growth in the use of internet through cell phones social media connection, where it is reported that four out of every ten Google search requests come from a mobile phone. Through digital devices, users create and share narratives, chats, and send stories and various texts including picto-graphs. Such an increase in the use of digital devices includ-ing TV and mobile phones on the one hand, and the intensifi-cation of interaction through social media on the other have implications on the meaning and structure of narratives, and on Kiswahili orature in general. Given this trend, we can only predict what the future of Kiswahili oral literature could be. Kiswahili, the language that connects East Africans together, has a long tradition of orature. With the advent of digital de-vices, and the unprecedented rate of East African users of such devices, what will the future of Kiswahili orature in East Africa be? Using intertextuality theory, the paper addresses these questions by focusing on Kiswahili oral literature as captured through WhatsApp messenger, an instantaneous messaging application for smartphones.
Ukiushi Juu ya Ukiushi- Mchomozo wa Kifonolojia katika Mashairi ya E. Kezilahabi: Mifano kutoka Diwani ya Dhifa
(TUKI, 2019-05-15) Mutembei, Aldin, K.; Dzomba, Edwell
Ushairi wa Kiswahili umechunguzwa na wataalamu kadha kwa kutumia mikabala mbalimbali kama vile muundo, lugha, taswira au mkabala wa kiishara, nahata maumbo. Mkabala wa makala hii unaendeleza mjadala kwa kuegemea katika elimu-mitindo. Mkabala wa kielimu-mitindo katika ushairi umewahi kushughulikiwa na wanazuoni mbalimbali waliochunguza mchomozo katika ngazi mbalimbali za kielimu-mitindo kama fonolojia, mofolojia na sintaksia. Dhana ya mchomozo katika tafiti hizi imechunguzwa kwa kuangalia ukiushi wa kaida na marudiorudio ya vipengele fulani katika uwasilishaji wa dhamira mbalimbali katika ushairi. Ushairi wa Kiswahili wa wanausasa umejadiliwa na wataalamu mbalimbali kuwa ni ushairi unaokiuka kaida zilizozoeleka za utungaji wa mashairi ya Kiswahili. Hata hivyo, kuna mchomozo ambao tafiti zilizotangulia hazikuutilia mkazo katika kuangalia suala la ukiushi. Kwa kutumia Mkabala wa Kielimu-mitindo, makala hii inachambua kimya kama mchomozo wa kifonolojia katika diwani ya Euphrase Kezilahabi, Dhifa (2008). Mashairi haya, kupitia matumizi ya kimya, yanabeba sifa za kipekee ambazo zinatofautiana na sifa za mashairi mengine ya wanausasa. Kwa hiyo, kimya katika mashairi haya kimejadiliwa kama kipengele kinachoonesha ‘ukiushi juu ya ukiushi’ katika ushairi wa Kezilahabi. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yameonesha vipengele kama ridhimu, onomatopea, takriri, asonansi na konsonansi kama vijenzi vya mchomozo wa kifonolojia.
Mizimu katika Ngano za Kiafrika: Uchambuzi wa Ngano Teule
(TUKI, 2020) Mnenuka, Angelus
Fasihi simulizi ni sanaa inayotumia mbinu mbalimbali za kifani kujadili masuala anuwai katika jamii. Miongoni mwa mbinu za kifani zinazotumiwa kuyajadili masuala ya kijamii katika fasihi simulizi ni pamoja na matumizi ya wahusika wanaojulikana na watumiaji wa sanaa hiyo. Hii ina maana kwamba ili kufanikisha malengo yake, wahusika wanaosawiriwa katika fasihi simulizi mara nyingi wanajulikana kwa hadhira. Ingawa wahusika wengi wa fasihi simulizi hujulikana, baadhi hawaonekani katika jamii kwa kutumia milango mitano ya fahamu. Swali kuu ambalo linajadiliwa katika makala haya ni: Je, wahusika kama vile mizimu ambao hawaonekani kwa kutumia milango ya fahamu wanasawiriwaje katika fasihi simulizi? Katika makala haya tunachunguza usawiri wa mizimu katika ngano kwa kutumia Nadharia ya Ontolojia ya Kiafrika. Kimsingi, lengo kuu la makala haya ni kuonesha uhusiano uliopo baina ya mizimu katika ngano na Ontolojia ya Kiafrika. Kwa kuzingatia nduni bainifu za mizimu kama zilivyojadiliwa na wanazuoni mbalimbali, tumebaini kuwa mizimu, yaani wahenga na mazimwi ni dhana zilizochopolewa katika imani za Kiafrika, yaani ni sehemu ya Ontolojia ya Kifrika. Uhusiano baina ya mizimu yenyewe, na uhusiano baina ya mizimu na binadamu kimamlaka katika ngano unaweza kufafanuliwa vizuri kwa kutumia Nadharia ya Ontolojia ya Kiafrika. Kwa hiyo, ontolojia ya jamii ni msingi katika uhakiki wa kazi za fasihi, kwa sababu wahusika pamoja na usawiri wao huathiriwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na mtazamo wa jamii kuhusu wahusika na uhusiano baina ya wahusika.
Public Policy Challenges in Tanzania as Portrayed in Swahili Written Literature
(TUKI, 2019) Mnenuka, Angelus
Tanzania has experienced significant policy changes in more than 50 years since independence. In the 1960s, after independence, Tanzania adopted Ujamaa, which aimed at uniting her citizens by eradicating exploitation among people. However, the policy eventually proved economically unsuccessful. Reasons for the downfall of Ujamaa include mismanagement of the public institutions and public funds embezzlements by state officials. This policy was followed by liberalisation policies which led the government to entrust public means of production to individuals. Like historical sources, the literary world has its own ways of discussing such matters. This paper seeks to discuss how such policies surface in Swahili written literature by expounding views for each policy.
Utendajipepe wa Fasihi Simulizi: Haja ya Kuwa na Tawi Jipya
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2019-11-24) Mnenuka, Angelus
Makala hii inajadili dhana ya utendaji wa fasihi simulizi mtandaoni. Kiini cha makala hii ni hoja kuwa uainishaji wa fasihi hivi sasa, yaani fasihi simulizi na fasihi andishi, umekitwa katika aina za uwasilishaji, ambazo ni uwasilishaji wa kimazungumzo na wa kimaandishi. Ugunduzi wa intaneti, na kuingia kwa teknolojia hiyo katika vifaabebe kama vile simu na sleti2 kwa kutumia programu mbalimbali za kuwasiliana, umewezesha mawasiliano ya kimaandishi ya papo kwa papo au yasiyo ya papo kwa papo. Mawasiliano hayo yamechangia kuibuka kwa lugha ya kipekee ambayo sifa zake hazifanani na sifa ya lugha ya kimazungumzo wala lugha ya kimaandishi. Licha ya kuwa na lugha ya kipekee, baadhi ya tanzu za fasihi simulizi, kwa namna ya kipekee, zimekuwa zikitendeka mtandaoni kwa kutumia lugha hiyohiyo. Utafiti huu umefanyika kwa kutumia Nadharia ya Utendaji bila kuathiri nafasi na umuhimu wa matini katika kazi za kifasihi.3 Data za utendaji wa vitendawili mitandaoni zilikusanywa, zilichambuliwa, na matokeo yake yanawasilishwa katika makala hii. Kwa kutumia utendaji wa vitendawili vya Kiswahili mtandaoni, ninapendekeza liundwe tawi jipya la fasihi ambalo litafumbata sifa za aina hiyo ya mawasiliano.
Misemo ya ‘Vyuma Vimekaza’: Uchambuzi wa Mtindo na Dhima yake
(Kiswahili Journal, TUKI, University of Dar es Salaam, 2019) Omari, Shani
Misemo ni kipera kimojawapo cha semi. Ni fungu la maneno lenye maana maalumu, ujumbe kwa muhtasari na ukweli fulani. Misemo mingi huibuka na kutumika kulingana na muktadha fulani wa kijamii. Hivi karibuni (kuanzia mwaka 2016) kumezuka misemo anuwai miongoni mwa Watanzania yenye kuhusisha neno ‘vyuma’ ili kuwasilisha hali au ujumbe fulani. Miongoni mwa misemo hiyo ni ‘Vyuma Vimekaza’, ‘Vyuma Vimebana’, ‘Vyuma Vimeachia’ na kadhalika. Lengo la makala hii ni kujadili maana ya misemo hiyo miongoni mwa watumiaji wake katika muktadha wa sasa nchini Tanzania. Aidha, makala inachambua mitindo iliyotumika katika misemo hiyo na dhima zake. Misemo hii imekusanywa kutoka kwa jamii (baadhi ya watumiaji wa misemo hii), mitandaoni na magazetini. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yanaonesha kwamba misemo hii inatumia mitindo mbalimbali na ina dhima kadhaa kifasihi na kijamii.
Imaging the Woman through Tanzanian Women’s Maxims
(Journal of International Women's Studies, Bridgewater State College, 2018) Omari, Shani; Senkoro, Fikeni
Women’s maxims, as well as other forms of oral literature in Tanzania, are a popular genre. They are verbal arts that can be self-addressed or addressed to a fellow woman among womenfolk. This paper intends to examine the role of these maxims in imaging women in Tanzania. This study was prompted by the findings of previous studies regarding the portrayal of women in Kiswahili literature where, generally, women are depicted as inferior beings compared to men, partly due to the fact that most authors are men. Hence, we found it imperative to investigate women’s maxims that are created and uttered by women themselves. The study was also prompted by other studies worldwide on language and gender. The questions to be addressed in this paper are: What is generally portrayed in such maxims? Why do women create, use and perpetuate such maxims? How do women consider themselves in relation to men? The data of this study was collected in Dar es Salaam through interviews and observation techniques. This study is significant to literary critics, sociolinguists, gender practitioners, cultural theorists and researchers on women studies. The study revealed that women’s maxims make much contribution to group identity formation, gender relations and culture. Through these maxims women marginalize their role, empower themselves, create gender constructs and gender differences and give themselves new outlook in the modern society.
Gender Representation in Simba and Yanga’s Joking Cartoons in Tanzania
(Eastern African Literary and Cultural Studies, Taylor & Francis, 2019-08-20) Omari, Shani
Simba and Yanga are popular soccer teams in Tanzania and are known as long-time joking partners. Several cartoons have emerged in relation to their joking relationship. This paper examines how gender is represented in the joking cartoons between these two soccer teams in Tanzania. The focus of this paper is on the cartoons that display male and female characters. The guiding questions are: How is gender represented in these joking cartoons? What are the themes conveyed by that representation? What is the broader role of such gender depiction in the entire Tanzanian society? The data for this study were collected from blogs and websites. By using Social Identity Theory, this study found that some cartoons seem to disadvantage women by depicting them as incapable of fighting for success in life as they are portrayed as failures. The study also revealed that the themes conveyed by gender representation in these cartoons are sports (victory and defeat), marriage, love and sex, religion, leisure and entertainment, reproduction and decision-making. Despite the fact that these cartoons are about jokes in sports, they demonstrate a traditional stereotypical representation of women as unsuccessful and compliant and men as successful and decisive.
Ujumi wa Mtu Mweusi katika Kazi za Nathari za M.M. Mulokozi
(Fasihi, Lugha na Utamaduni wa Kiswahili na Kiafrika (Shani Omari na Method Samwel) (wah.), TUKI, 2018) Omari, Shani
Mugyabuso Mlinzi Mulokozi ni mwanataaluma mahiri katika fasihi ya Kiswahili na Kiafrika. Ni mtunzi wa kazi mbalimbali kama vile riwaya, tenzi, tamthiliya na mashairi. Hata hivyo, sura hii inaangazia kazi zake za kinathari ambazo hasa zinalenga hadhira ya watoto na vijana. Kazi hizo ni Ngome ya Mianzi (1991), Ngoma ya Mianzi (1991) na Moto wa Mianzi (1996). Vitabu hivi vinahusu mapambano baina ya Wahehe na Wadachi mnamo miaka ya 1891-1898. Tunachunguza namna vipengele vya Ujumi wa Mtu mweusi vinavyojitokeza katika kazi hizo. Baada ya utangulizi huu mfupi, sehemu inayofuata inawasilisha muhtasari wa vitabu teule. Sehemu hii itafuatiwa na fasili ya Ujumi wa Mtu mweusi kisha uchambuzi wa Ujumi wa Mtu mweusi katika kazi teule za Mulokozi. Umuhimu wa Ujumi wa Mtu mweusi kifasihi na kijamii pia unazungumziwa na mwisho kabisa ni hitimisho.
‘Mgogoro’ wa Ushairi wa Kiswahili bado Upo?: Uchunguzi wa Nyimbo za Muziki wa Hip hop na Bongo fleva nchini Tanzania
(Kioo cha Lugha, TUKI, 2017) Omari, Shani
Nyimbo za muziki wa Hip hop na Bongo fleva zimekuwa maarufu nchini Tanzania kuanzia miaka ya 1980. Nyimbo hizi, kama mojawapo ya tanzu au kipera cha ushairi simulizi wa Kiswahili, zimekuwa ni chanzo kizuri cha utafiti kuhusiana na masuala mbalimbali yahusikayo. Miongoni mwa mambo yanayoonekana kuanza kujitokeza katika nyimbo hizo ni mgogoro wa ushairi kama ule ambao ulitokea miaka ya 1970 katika ushairi wa Kiswahili. Makala hii inalenga kulichunguza suala hili ili kujua namna linavyojitokeza pamoja na mawanda yake. Makala ya utafiti huu imejikita hasa katika kuchunguza mashairi ya nyimbo za muziki huu ili kuchunguza viashiria vya mgogoro huu. Nadharia ya Uhemenitiki ndiyo iliyotumika katika uchambuzi wa data za makala hii. Matokeo ya utafiti huu yanaonesha kuwa kuna mjadala wa chini kwa chini unaoendelea baina ya wasanii kupitia nyimbo zao kuhusiana na shairi zuri la muziki wao liweje kifani na hata kimaudhui. Hata hivyo bado ‘mgogoro’ huo haujafikia upeo mkubwa.
Tenzi Tafsiriwa katika Kiswahili: Ruwaza ya Shujaa Inavyojenga Falsafa katika Utenzi wa Kalevala
(Nadharia za Tafsiri, Ukalimani na Uundaji wa Istilahi, Daud Publishing Company Ltd, 2016) Mwagike, Asifiwe; Omari, Shani
Utenzi wa Kalevala ulichapishwa kwa mara ya kwanza kwa Kifini mwaka 1849. Tangu hapo utenzi huo ulitafsiriwa katika lugha zaidi ya arobaini kama vile Kijerumani (1852), Kiingereza (1880), Kirusi (1888), Kihispaniola (1953) na Kiswahili (1992). Hii dhahiri kuwa tafsiri ni moja ya nyenzo muhimu katika maendeleo ya taaluma mbalimbali na mawasiliano ulimwenguni kote. Lengo la makala hii ni kuchunguza namna ruwaza ya shujaa katika utenzi huu, ambao ni kazi muhimu ya tafsiri kwa Kiswahili na katika ushairi wa Kiswahili, inavyojenga na kuibua falsafa katika utenzi huo. Makala hii inatumia nadharia ya ruwaza ya shujaa ya Clyde Kluckhohn (1965) ili kuibua falsafa katika utenzi husika. Data za makala hii zimepatikana baada ya usomaji makini wa utenzi husika pamoja na machapisho mbalimbali yahusikayo. Makala hii imebaini kuwa ruwaza ya shujaa si tu njia ambazo mashujaa katika kazi ya fasihi wanapitia bali pia ni mkabala au nadharia muhimu ya kiuchambuzi wa kazi ya fasihi, hususan utendi.
Swahili Modern Proverbs: The Role of Literary Writers and Social Network Users
(Swahili Forum, Universität Leipzig, 2016) Omari, Shani
Proverbs are one of the important oral literary genres in various cultures. Though in many societies and for a long time proverbs are regarded as succinct fixed artistic form, and authoritative which contain a general truth, wisdom and experience of the society and its creators are elders or anonymous, these characteristics are increasingly challenged today. This paper, therefore, intends to examine how Swahili literary writers and social network users participate in the creation and spread of Swahili modern proverbs in Tanzania. Data of this study were collected from Swahili literary works and websites. The findings reveal that, the need to address and cope with today’s environment and change of worldview of the present generation are among the important factors to the emergence of the modern proverbs. It is also noted that modern Swahili proverbs are not only found among the Kiswahili literary writers and social network users but also other people and avenues.
Texts on Swahili cultural artefacts in Tanzania and the Representation of women's voice
(JULACE: Journal of University of Namibia Language Centre, 2016) Omari, Shani; Mkomwa, Asha; Mlingi, Scholastica
This paper seeks to examine how women express themselves in Swahili through household cultural artefacts in Tanzania. The paper focuses on words or texts written on the cultural artefacts, especially food covers and hand fans. We analyze these two artefacts together due to the fact in Swahili society they are mainly used by women at homes and they have some parallels in the content of their texts. Although these artefacts are found in various parts of the country, they are widely available in the coastal areas. The data of this paper, therefore, were collected in three coastal areas in Tanzania, namely Kilwa, Tanga and Dar es Salaam. The paper uses the Semiotic Theory in the analysis of its data. It is generally revealed that food covers and hand fans serve as an important means of communication among Swahili women. The artefacts present issues of the women at the same time communicating their messages to a wider audience.
Makumbusho ya Taifa na Nyumba Utamaduni Dar es Salaam, Tanzania The National Museum and House of Culture
(Tanzania The National Museum and House of Culture, 2015) Hansen, Anders Hog; Ekstrom, Ylva; Omari, Shani
The study aimed at analyzing how children, youths and cultural professionals engage with media technologies and facilities, and their fellow visitors and users, at the House of Culture and National Museum in Dar es Salaam. The House of Culture, part of the National Museum of Tanzania, opened in December 2011. The researchers conducted two field trips, in March-April 2012 and March-April 2013 to uncover the House of Culture and the museum’s potentials as open public resource center with accessible, and in use, cultural heritage resources. The study explored the development of the site, during its first 16 months approximately, with a focus on practices of staff and visitors /users of the National Museum and House of Culture.
Mwangwi wa Shaaban Robert katika Muziki wa Hip hop na Bongo Fleva nchini Tanzania
(Mulika, TUKI, 2015) Omari, Shani
Shaaban Robert (aliyeishi 1909-1962) ni mmoja wa washairi mahiri wa ushairi wa Kiswahili. Pia, ni mtunzi wa kazi nyingine kama vile insha na riwaya. Umahiri wake unajidhihirisha si tu kwa wingi wa kazi alizotunga, bali pia uteuzi wa fani na maudhui katika kazi hizo. Ingawa alishaiaga dunia muda mrefu uliopita lakini makala haya yanaona kuwa kuna haja ya kuchambua mwangwi wake katika muziki wa Hip hop na Bongo fleva nchini Tanzania. Uandishi wa makala haya umechochewa si tu na umaarufu wa Shaaban Robert, kazi zake na umaarufu wa muziki huu kiasi cha kuwashughulisha watafiti na wanazuoni mbalimbali bali pia kujitokeza kwa vipengele kadhaa vinavyoonekana kushabihiana katika kazi zao za sanaa ingawa wasanii hawa wameishi katika vipindi tofauti. Hivyo basi, madhumuni ya makala haya ni kuchunguza namna wasanii wa muziki wa Hip hop na Bongo fleva wanavyofanana katika baadhi ya vipengele vya tungo zao na Shaaban Robert. Jambo hili limechunguzwa kupitia baadhi ya kazi zao za ushairi na kuchambuliwa kwa kutumia nadharia ya Mwingilianomatini.
Hip Hop Music as a Youth Medium for Cultural Struggle in Zanzibar
(The Journal of Pan African Studies, 2013) Omari, Shani
Hip Hop Music as a Youth Medium for Cultural Struggle in Zanzibar Shani Omari Department of Literature, Communication and Publishing Institute of Kiswahili Studies, University of Dar es Salaam shaniom@yahoo.co.uk Abstract This paper examines how Zanzibari youth engage in hip hop music as a global youth culture. In spite of the fact that, globally, hip hop music has become a youth form of entertainment and a source of income for unemployed youth, on the Tanzanian islands of Zanzibar (Pemba and Unguja) its development is still slow. The objective of this paper is to examine how hip hop music on the Tanzanian islands creates the cultural challenges and controversies in society and how the youth struggle for its survival. The paper discusses the situation of hip hop on the Tanzanian islands, where the majority of the population is Muslim, and examines youth initiatives or struggles in engaging in it in the construction of a cosmopolitan culture in contemporary Zanzibar in spite of the problems and the generational conflict. The article concludes that this struggle is also contextualized within a larger historical framework of the struggle of the Tanzanian youth since soon after independence (1960s) in shaping new forms of culture.
Using Internet in the Second Language Teaching: YouTube as a Multidimensional Communicative Tool
(African Academy of Languages - ACALAN, 2014-09-12) Mutembei, Aldin K.
African Languages as a Gateway to Sustainable Development, Democracy and Freedom: The Example of Swahili
(Interdisciplinary Journal for Study of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa, 2014-09-24) Mutembei, Aldin K.
The African Academy of Languages conceptualizes African integration and development through African languages. It is through African languages that the continent will restore its dignity and respect. In East Africa, Swahili resisted the waves of imperial culture to claim its rightful position. The language is growing and spreading, embracing on its way the elements of Ubuntu and 'Africanness' which makes it accepted from one country to another. Following the example of Kiswahili's linguistic and literary affluence, the paper argues that African languages demonstrate the potential not only for Africa's integration, but indeed the ability to maintain peace and mutual understanding and respect. Combining with economic prospects, African languages such as Kiswahili are likely to stand for, and boost African development. Using the Ubuntu theory as developed by Horace Campbell (2010), the paper looks into the possible reasons for the spread of Kiswahili in different nations in modern times, and the rationale for its acceptance in a multilingual African environment. The paper calls for the policy makers in Africa to give priority to African languages, paving the way to a realistic education system, freedom of expression, stimulation of innovative ideas and creativity, and the ultimate development of the African people
Dhana ya Muungano kati ya Tanganyika na Zanzibar: Uchambuzi kupitia Lugha ya Kiswahili
(2016-02-15) Mutembei, Aldin K.
Muungano kati ya watu wa Tanganyika na Zanzibar unachunguzwa kihistoria ambapo hoja za kijamii, kisiasa na kiuchumi hutolewa katika kuhalalisha uhistoria wa muungano huo wa kipekee. Ingawa kuna baadhi ya mijadala ya kikatiba kuhusu nguvu za kisheria za muungano, hoja za kiisimu ni mara chache hutolewa ili kuongezea uhalali wa muungano huo unaobishaniwa. Makala hii inatoa mkabala wa kiisimu kuhusu muungano. Kwa kutumia nadharia ya usafiri kama ilivyoelezwa na Edward said (1983), makala inajadili kuenea kwa Kiswahili Sanifu katika Tanzania ambapo kuna lugha zaidi ya 123 huku nyingine zikiwa na sarufi na kamusi zilizoandikwa. Hoja ya Kiswahili sanifu inafafanuliwa zaidi kwa kugawanywa katika vipengele kadha kwa mujibu wa nadharia ya usafiri. Mwishowe makala inaonesha kuwa lugha na fasihi ya Kiswahili huku vikiongozwa na Kiswahili sanifu vinajenga hoja ya nguvu kuhusu muumano na uhalali wa muungano baina ya Tanganyika na Zanzibar.

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