University of Dar es Salaam Research Repository
The Research Repository of University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) is the online/digital collection of research and publications from University of Dar es Salaam. The Research Repository UDSM collects preserves and makes available publications and conference papers, journals, books and other outputs created by UDSM researchers. Participation in UDSM Research Repository helps to ensure that publications are more visible and highly cited.
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The adaptive systemic approach: equitable co-design and partnerships for sustainable multi-use rangelands in Tanzania, Ethiopia, and South Africa
(Publisher XII International Rangeland Congress, 2025) Palmer, CG; Senga, MA; Woldu, Z; Bantider, A; Gusha, B; Norbert, J; Tanner, JL
Building effective equitable partnerships and implementing co-designed projects and/or interventions to sustain
multi-use rangelands, takes time, sustained commitment, and resources. There are pitfalls. Teams in three African
countries used the collaboratively developed Adaptive Systemic Approach (ASA) to navigate these processes. We
present a summary of the ASA and findings from its application. Key ASA strengths included: partnership building;
enabling co-design; and capacity building through transformative social learning (explicitly respecting and
integrating different knowledge forms: academic, practice-based, indigenous). We identify pitfalls: inadequate
capacity building across academic disciplines, patchy facilitation skills, process discontinuities (e.g. changing
representative participants), inattention to language and translation, power imbalances, and experiences of
disrespect. We present adaptations to mitigate pitfalls. In all three contexts we aimed to move towards increased
capacity for participatory governance, and an increased likelihood of improved rangeland condition and
sustainable livelihoods. 1) The Great Ruaha River catchment (Tanzania), exemplifies challenges related to unequal
water resources sharing, and ongoing contestation among competing water users, including communal livestock
farmers, crop farmers and other community members. ASA engagements included these marginalised groups,
addressed longstanding power imbalances, and set the groundwork for future collaborations. 2) Current vegetation
cover in the Upper Blue Nile River basin (Ethiopia) reflects a complex interplay of human activities including
grazing, cultivation, and selective fodder cutting; interwoven with the influences of climate, soil, and geology. A
long-term restoration initiative in the Aba Gerima and Debre Yaqob catchments focusses on managing vegetation
cover and the balance of woody plants and grasses. Using the ASA, communities in the two catchments co-
developed strategies for rangeland and livelihood sustainability. 3) In the Tsitsa River catchment (South Africa)
the appointment of eco-rangers, and early steps towards agreements for rotational grazing of multi-owned herds,
in the degraded free-range communal rangeland, emerged from participatory ASA processes.
Tourists’ Information Queries in Online Travel Forums: A Comparative Analysis of Visitors to Tanzania and South Korea.
(University of Dar es Salaam, 2020-07-22) Malisa, Godlisten Godfrey
A person visiting a destination needs information about the place to better have a well-planned trip and satisfied with the trip. This study attempts to examine tourists’ information queries in online travel forums by comparing USA visitors to Tanzania and those to South Korea. The study examined and compared travel information needs (functional and hedonic), the number of replies to information needs, and the duration of membership in travel forums of USA visitors to Tanzania and South Korea. Data were collected through content analysis. For empirical examination; posts for queries on Tanzania and South Korea made by USA visitors that were posted in the TripAdvisor travel forum between 1st May 2019 and 31st July 2019 were collected (n=200) and analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative content analysis was employed to capture the numerical data and thematic content analysis dealt with major themes in the query posts. The results reveal that there was no statistical significance with regards to travel information needs sought before traveling, duration of membership in the travel forum, and planning horizon. However, the USA tourists show differences concerning the number of replies, their level of the contributor, and the number of words with USA tourists coming to Tanzania having a greater number of replies and number of words as well as being at a higher level of contributor compared to those going to South Korea. USA tourists show differences concerning themes; amenities are motivated by souvenirs and need for communication services for visitors to Tanzania and South Korea. Itinerary focuses on trip plans driven by seasons of viewing wild attractions in Tanzania, and trip plans are motivated by cultural attractions in South Korea. Accessibility is driven by the need for service providers for intra-destination movements in Tanzania, and visitors to South Korea are motivated by the connection between the attractions. USA visitors to Tanzania are motivated to experience wildlife attractions and cultural attractions to South Korea. Accommodation in Tanzania is more of a remote place to stay and well-connected places to lodge near attractions for visitors to South Korea. The results suggest that DMOs managers and marketers in tourism promotion agencies have to increase visibility on travel forums to provide authentic and credible information to potential visitors. DMO managers should focus much on tourists’ primary information needs – functional needs because they significantly contribute to travel plans decisions. The online information searching behavior, travel and hospitality forums, social media, and mobile applications use in Tanzania still need more analytical studies to come up with results that may aid in improving marketing strategies to grab the global tourists’ market hence increase the number of visitors.
Environmental Law Compendium
(University of Dar es Salaam Press, 2023-05-02) Majamba, Hamudi
This Compendium provides a collection of concise but detailed information and materials primarily targeted for the Environmental Law Course offered to undergraduate students in the Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) Programme at the University of Dar es Salaam School of Law. The materials include court cases and statutes from a wide range of branches of environmental law from different jurisdictions in general and Tanzania in particular. It also provides references and additional information on environmental law principles, norms and rules that exist in various legal instruments at the national, regional and international levels. Important decisions of courts of law at the national, regional and international levels that have expounded on the principles and norms are also provided.
Scholarly works by renowned authorities, reports and studies on different aspects of environmental law have also been brought to the fore. It is hoped that this Compendium will make it easier for the law students and researchers to have a clearer understanding of Environmental Law. This will enable them to easily trace leading precedents and authorities in the course of understanding the subject. Diligent students and researchers should be in a
position to follow up on the list of references provided for by the authorities on the subjects and also the precedents referred to in cases that are cited in the Compendium. This would certainly provide them with a more comprehensive understanding of the issues raised or discussed. It will also be useful to follow up and keep abreast of developments on the laws and cases to have an update on any changes to the laws and court decisions in various jurisdictions.
Tanzania’s Oil and Gas Industry: Legal Regime, Management and Access Rights
(2016-02) Majamba, Hamudi; Majamba, Hamudi; Majamba, Hamudi
This article examines the extent to which the legal and management framework governing the rapidly developing oil and gas industry in Tanzania provides access rights to key stake- holders. The focus on management and access rights has been confined to rights to access the resource by the government, the private sector and the local communities. The article sets out the historical context that is necessary for a thorough understanding of the development of the industry and the legal and regulatory framework put in place by the government to address issues of management, to access rights and to control of the industry. The analysis focuses primarily on the provisions of the recently enacted laws, the Petroleum Act, the Oil and Gas Revenue Act and the Extractive Industry Transparency and Accountability Act. These laws were passed towards the end of 2015 in a charged session of the Parliament of the United Republic of Tanzania which was the last before the grueling National Elections that followed. Members of the opposition Parties in Parliament had cried foul, alleging that citizens had been hood-winked arguing that the process of presenting the Petroleum Bill had been unnecessarily fast-tracked.1 In the context of access rights by the government, the article’s primary focus is on the legislative framework governing access to the oil and gas subsector by the government. The main focus is on Tanzania Mainland. However, in the process of analysing access rights of government, the article also brings to the fore the controversial issues relating to access rights and control of oil and gas resources between the governments of Tanzania Mainland and Zanzibar.
Legal Research Compendium
(University of Dar es Salaam Press, 2023-05-02) Majamba, Hamudi; Majamba, Hamudi; Majamba, Hamudi
This Compendium provides a collection of concise but detailed information
and materials primarily targeted for the Legal Research Course offered to
undergraduate students in the Bachelor of Laws (LL.B) Programme at the
University of Dar es Salaam School of Law.1 The materials include national
legislation and policies, books, journal articles and cases from a wide range of
branches of legal research. It also provides references to critical policies,
guidelines and rules of the University of Dar es Salaam that have a bearing on
research. Additional information on legal research issues reflected in various
legal instruments, where applicable, at the international and regional levels are
also provided.It is hoped that the Compendium will make it easier for Law students and
researchers in this branch of law to better understand this critical area for law
studies and practice. This will, hopefully, enable them to easily trace critical
references, sources and authorities in the course of understanding research in
the legal discipline. Diligent students and researches should be in a position to
follow up on the list of references provided for by the authorities on the
subjects that are cited in the Compendium. This would certainly provide them
with a more comprehensive understanding of the issues raised or discussed. It
will also be useful to follow up and keep abreast of developments on the laws
and cases to have an update on any changes to the laws and decisions in various
jurisdictions that have a bearing on legal research.