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Item Above-Ground Carbon Allometric Models for Diplorhynchus condylocarpon (Müll. Arg.) Pichon., A Common Miombo Woodland Associate(2015-07) Mganga, Nyatwere D.; Lyaruu, Herbert V.M.; Banyikwa, Feetham F.Estimation of carbon using allometric models facilitates sustainable management of forests and woodlands. Reliable estimations of carbon in most ecosystems can only be accomplished by using species-specific allometric models which are lacking for many species. The present study was carried out so as to develop the best fit above-ground carbon allometric models of various tree components; stems, branches, twigs and leaves of Diplorhynchus condylocarpon (Horn-pod tree), a species that is commonly associated with Miombo woodlands. Twenty one trees of D. condylocarpon with a ranging diameter at breast height (DBH) from 5 to 19 cm were destructively sampled from Miombo woodlands of Kitwe in Tanzania. Linear models were assessed for above-ground carbon using regression analysis. Regression analysis was carried out by relating above-ground carbon of tree components to DBH and height (H), using DBH and H as predictor variables. The best fit allometric models for above-ground carbon of total, stems, branches and twigs and/or leaves had coefficient of determination values (R2) of 0.98, 0.98, 0.96 and 0.79 respectively at P < 0.05. Above-ground carbon allometric models developed have wide application in sustainable use of the species and carbon accounting particularly in Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands without future destructive sampling.Item Above-ground carbon stock in a forest subjected to decadal frequent fires in western Tanzania(International Network for Natural Sciences, 2017-02-14) Mganga, Nyatwere D.; Lyaruu, Herbert V.; Banyikwa, Feetham F.Gradual increase in atmospheric temperature due to elevated levels of greenhouse gases has become a global agenda. Of these gases, carbon dioxide is the most predominant accounting for more than half of the atmospheric warming. Conveniently, forests and woodlands are important sinks of carbon through sequestration which involves carbon dioxide capture and storage. Miombo woodlands are the most widespread savanna vegetation in the Sub-Saharan Africa, and like other vegetation they are likely to have a marked degree of carbon sequestration. However, these ecosystems are normally threatened by many disturbances, including outbreaks of uncontrolled and destructive fires. Yet, it has been reported that wildfires have both positive and negative influence on carbon sequestration in forests and woodlands. The aim of the present study was to determine tree carbon in Ilunde forest after consecutive exposure to frequent fires for 10 years. A fire suppressed forest of Kitwe was used as a control. Fire frequency of Ilunde forest was obtained from published Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery from the year 2001 to 2012. Tree carbon stock was estimated using biomass allometric models so far developed for miombo woodlands.The level of difference in carbon density between the two forests was determined using t-test. Tree carbon stock was significantly high in Kitwe forest than in Ilunde (P < 0.05). The effects of wildfires are variable depending on the nature of ecosystems and the existing circumstances. Since fire is crucial in miombo woodlands, then prescribed burning could be prioritized to sustain sinks of carbon.Item Academics’ job satisfaction in Tanzania’s higher education: The role of perceived work environment(Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 2021-04-03) Mgaiwa, Samson JohnEmployees’ job satisfaction is critical for better work performance, reduced turnover intention, enhanced organizational commitment, and decreased job burnout. In the last several decades, numerous studies have assessed the association between employees’ work environments and job satisfaction globally. However, little research has addressed academics’ job satisfaction in non-European countries, and studies of Tanzania are particularly scarce. Drawing on Lewin’s field theory, this study sought to fill this gap by examining the relationship between Tanzanian academics’ perceived work environment and their job satisfaction, as measured by the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ). The study was quantitatively driven, with a cross-sectional survey design. A convenience sample of 116 academics (men: N = 93; women: N = 23) from two universities in Tanzania responded to a newly self-designed Perceived Work Environment Inventory and the MSQ. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 to detect significant predictors of academics’ job satisfaction. The results demonstrated that academic freedom, participative decisions, teamwork, supervision, and resources statistically significantly predicted academics’ job satisfaction over and above their marital status, gender, age, academic rank, and institutional type. This study has both practical and policy implications, and its findings contribute to the broader literature on the management and governance of higher education.Item Acquiring Human Capital Skills through Labour Migrancy: The Case of Colonial Njombe District, 1900-1960s(Hipatia Press, 2016-07-30) Mgaya, EdwardThe migration of labourers to centres of mining, plantations and industrial production has been one of the most important demographic features of the African continent since its incorporation into the capitalist money economy. It is, however, surprisingly that the influence of this phenomenon on rural transformations remains largely unexplored. Most of studies have addressed the negative consequences of labour on the local communities. This is the impression that this paper aims to correct by using colonial Njombe as a case study. While not denying the detrimental impacts of labour migration, the paper integrates written and oral information to establish that such exclusive attribution of rural underdevelopment to labour migration was indeed a traditional way of viewing labour migration. Such views were mainly a result of macro-economic cost-benefit analysis that economists have always considered and emphasized upon. This article, therefore, is an effort to go beyond such economic arena by considering the acquisition of human capital particularly linking labour migration with western education and the spread of the Kiswahili language. Drawing from transformational approaches, this article argues that knowledge and skills that Njombe migrant labourers got from different work places, imbued them with elements which knowingly or unknowingly became part of the instruments for the wider rural transformationsItem Advances in D. melanoxylon Investigations towards Tissue Culture: Problems and Limitations(American Journal of Plant Sciences,, 2014-11) Washa B. & A.M. Nyomora, Washa & NyomoraThe first attempt on D. melanoxylon tissue culture was conducted from 2010 to 2013 at a high level of expectations. A total of 500 seeds were sterilized at different concentration of reagents and inoculated at different strength of the Murashige and Skoog medium for germination to obtain disease free explants for callus induction trials. A total of 400 nodal segments obtained from germinated seeds were sterilized at different concentration of reagents and inoculated at different hormonal combinations to induce callus formation for seedling multiplication. Results from this tissue culture attempt set a foundation for tissue culture success in D. melanoxylon on the future research. Only 19.8% of seeds inoculated in half strength of Murashige and Skoog medium germinated within 7 days while only 6.8% of seeds inoculated in full strength of Murashige and Skoog medium germinated within 6 days. This germination was at sterilization of 20 minutes in 35% ethanol and 20 minutes in 2.6% sodium hypochlorite. A total of 1% of inoculated D. melanoxylon seedling fragments in Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with hormone combination at 2.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA developed callus after16 days from the inoculation day. The final weight of the callus at the last record was 0.62 g. In this induction ex-plants were surface sterilized in 35% ethanol for 20 minutes and 2.6% sodium hypochlorite solution for 20 minutes. The color of callus was green and friable in nature. Other hormonal combinations in this case did not induce callus production. These results suggested that the problems which affect seed germination in the natural environment are also reflected on germination in the Murashige and Skoog medium and in callus induction. Vulnerability to fungal attack is a limitation for successful callus induction and germination in the culture room. More research under improved sterile conditions is needed to improve callus percentage for seedling multiplication.Item Aflatoxin levels in sunflower seeds and cakes collected from micro- and small-scale sunflower oil processors in Tanzania(2017-04-18) Mmongoyo, Juma A.; Wu, Felicia; Linz, John E.; Nair, Muraleedharan G.; Mugula, Jovin K.; Tempelman, Robert J.; Strasburg, Gale M.Aflatoxin, a mycotoxin found commonly in maize and peanuts worldwide, is associated with liver cancer, acute toxicosis, and growth impairment in humans and animals. In Tanzania, sunflower seeds are a source of snacks, cooking oil, and animal feed. These seeds are a potential source of aflatoxin contamination. However, reports on aflatoxin contamination in sunflower seeds and cakes are scarce. The objective of the current study was to determine total aflatoxin concentrations in sunflower seeds and cakes from small-scale oil processors across Tanzania. Samples of sunflower seeds (n = 90) and cakes (n = 92) were collected across two years, and analyzed for total aflatoxin concentrations using a direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For seed samples collected June-August 2014, the highest aflatoxin concentrations were from Dodoma (1.7–280.6 ng/g), Singida (1.4–261.8 ng/g), and Babati-Manyara (1.8–162.0 ng/g). The highest concentrations for cakes were from Mbeya (2.8–97.7 ng/g), Dodoma (1.9–88.2 ng/g), and Singida (2.0–34.3 ng/g). For seed samples collected August-October 2015, the highest concentrations were from Morogoro (2.8–662.7 ng/g), Singida (1.6–217.6 ng/g) and Mbeya (1.4–174.2 ng/g). The highest concentrations for cakes were from Morogoro (2.7–536.0 ng/g), Dodoma (1.4– 598.4 ng/g) and Singida (3.2–52.8 ng/g). In summary, humans and animals are potentially at high risk of exposure to aflatoxins through sunflower seeds and cakes from micro-scale millers in Tanzania; and location influences risk.Item Africa’s Leadership Challenges in the 21st Century: What Can Leaders Learn from Africa’s Pre-Colonial Leadership and Governance?(RedFame, 2015-04-09) Poncian, Japhace; Mgaya, EdwardAfrica continues to face serious development challenges despite recent record growth rates. Such challenges as dependency, corruption, underdeveloped infrastructure and production sectors, and leadership and governance are some of the impediments to Africa’s quest for sustainable and equitable development. Explaining such development challenges has continued to elude scholars. To the radical leftist scholars, Africa’s underdevelopment can adequately be explained by its forceful and uneven integration into the global economic system. However, with over fifty years of independence, the debate is increasingly focusing on Africa’s leadership as good explanation for its poverty and underdevelopment. This paper argues that the current poverty and underdevelopment of Africa have much to do with enabling conditions created by African leaders and proposes that addressing this requires Africans to go back to pre-colonial history where they can tap good lessons rather than continuing importing Western based models which may not necessarily fit into Africa’s unique characteristics.Item Aminated polyethersulfone-silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-APES) compositemembranes with controlled silver ion release for antibacterial and water treatment applications(Materials Science and Engineering C, 2016-02-10) Haider, M. Salman; Shao, Godlisten N.; Imran, S.M; Park, Seongsoo; Abbas, Nadir; Tahir, M.S; Hussain, Manwar; Bae, Wookeun; Kim, HTThe present study reports the antibacterial disinfection properties of a series of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) immobilized membranes. Initially, polyethersulfone (PES) was functionalized through the introduction of amino groups to form aminated polyethersulfone (NH2-PES, APES). AgNPs were then coordinately immobilized on the surface of the APES composite membrane to formAgNPs-APES. The properties of the obtainedmembrane were examined by FT-IR, XPS, XRD, TGA, ICP-OES and SEM-EDAX analyses. These structural characterizations revealed that AgNPs ranging from 5 to 40 nm were immobilized on the surface of the polymer membrane. Antibacterial tests of the samples showed that the AgNPs-APES exhibited higher activity than the AgNPs-PES un-functionalized membrane. Generally, the AgNPs-APES 1 cm × 3 cm strip revealed a four times longer life than the un-functionalized AgNPs polymer membranes. The evaluation of the Ag+ leaching properties of the obtained samples indicated that approximately 30% of the AgNPs could be retained, even after 12 days of operation. Further analysis indicated that silver ion release can be sustained for approximately 25 days. The present study provides a systematic and novel approach to synthesize water treatment membranes with controlled and improved silver (Ag+) release to enhance the lifetime of the membranes.Item Analysis of Transaction Costs in Coffee Cooperatives: A Case of Arumeru District of Tanzania(2009) Mbise, MirauThis study assesses the capacity of co-operatives in reducing the transaction costs in Arumeru district, Arusha region. The main objective was to compare transaction costs between users and non users of co-operatives. Descriptive statistics and independent sample t-test were used to analyse the data. When the transaction costs from all aspects were added up and the means compared by using t-statistic, the result showed that transaction costs incurred by members and non-members of co-operatives don’t differ significantly. The study recommends the monitoring and evaluation of policies formulated to insure good performance of coffee production and marketing.Item Anatomic Morphometrics of the “Senene” Tettigoniid Ruspolia differens Serville (Orthoptera: Conocephalidae) from North-West Tanzania(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2012-12-20) Matojo, Nicodemus D.; Jacob, G. Yarroe morphometrics of Ruspolia differens (order: Orthoptera; family: Conocephalidae), the longhorn grasshopper that is widely known as senene by its Kiswahili name, was largely unclear although the species serves broadly as a delicacy relish snack. In this study, the anatomic morphometrics of this insect was critically inferred based on the samples that were collected from North-west Tanzania in April-May 2009. R. differens was revealed to have a number of unique anatomic features that can essentially serve in its diagnosis. ese include the paired male metathoracic faps, finger-like prosternal protuberances, hind femoral spines, subequal tibial black markings, and an obvious male biased antennal dimorphism.Item Antifungal activity, Lycopersicon esculentum, fungal skin infection, bioactives(Taylor and Francis, 2020) Mlozi, Stephano HanoloCandida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans are dangerous pathogens causing fungal diseases. C. albicans and C. neoformans developed resistance to fungicides such as fluconazole. Similarly, pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi have become resistant to antibiotcs such as methicillin. Thus, searching for alternative antimicrobial agents is inevitable. Tephrosia vogelii used traditionally for management of fungal and bacterial diseases is potential source of antimicrobial agents. It is in this vein that, antimicrobial activities of leaf and root extracts of T. vogelii were evaluated against C. albicans (ATCC 90028), C. neoformans (clinical isolate), S. aureus (ATCC25923), E. coli (ATCC29953), K. pneumoniae (ATCC 700603) and S. typhi (NCTC 8385). A two-fold serial dilution method using the sterilised 96 wells of polystyrene microlitre plates used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts. Hexane and dichloromethane extracts exhibited the lowest activity against fungi strains with MICs >10 mg/mL. Root and leaf methanolic extracts exhibited activity at MICs of 5 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively, against both tested fungi. Dichloromethane and methanolic extracts exhibited antibacterial activity with MICs ranging from 2.5 - 10 mg/mL and 0.625 - 5 mg/mL, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts of T. vogelii revealed potentiality of bioactives against fungal and bacterial diseases.Item Antimicrobial activities of Tephrosia vogelii against selected pathogenic fungi and bacteria strains(2019-12-19) Mlozi, Stephano H.; Mmongoyo, Juma A.; Chacha, MusaCandida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans are dangerous pathogens causing fungal dis eases. C. albicans and C. neoformans developed resistance to fungicides such as fluconazole. Similarly, pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi have become resistant to antibiotcs such as methicillin. Thus, searching for alternative antimicrobial agents is inevitable. Tephrosia vogelii used traditionally for manage ment of fungal and bacterial diseases is potential source of antimicrobial agents. It is in this vein that, antimicrobial activities of leaf and root extracts of T. vogelii were evaluated against C. albicans (ATCC 90028), C. neoformans (clinical isolate), S. aureus (ATCC25923), E. coli (ATCC29953), K. pneumoniae (ATCC 700603) and S. typhi (NCTC 8385). A two-fold serial dilution method using the sterilised 96 wells of polystyrene microlitre plates used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts. Hexane and dichloromethane extracts exhibited the lowest activity against fungi strains with MICs >10 mg/mL. Root and leaf methanolic extracts exhibited activity at MICs of 5 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively, against both tested fungi. Dichloromethane and methanolic extracts exhibited antibacterial activity with MICs ranging from 2.5 - 10 mg/mL and 0.625 - 5 mg/mL, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts of T. vogelii revealed potentiality of bioactives against fungal and bacterial diseases.Item Antimicrobial activities of Tephrosia vogelii against selected pathogenic fungi and bacteria strains(2020) Mlozi, Stephano Hanolo; Mmongoyo, Juma, A; Chacha, MusaCandida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans are dangerous pathogens causing fungal diseases. C. albicans and C. neoformans developed resistance to fungicides such as fluconazole. Similarly, pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi have become resistant to antibiotcs such as methicillin. Thus, searching for alternative antimicrobial agents is inevitable. Tephrosia vogelii used traditionally for management of fungal and bacterial diseases is potential source of antimicrobial agents. It is in this vein that, antimicrobial activities of leaf and root extracts of T. vogelii were evaluated against C. albicans (ATCC 90028), C. neoformans (clinical isolate), S. aureus (ATCC25923), E. coli (ATCC29953), K. pneumoniae (ATCC 700603) and S. typhi (NCTC 8385). A two-fold serial dilution method using the sterilised 96 wells of polystyrene microlitre plates used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts. Hexane and dichloromethane extracts exhibited the lowest activity against fungi strains with MICs >10 mg/mL. Root and leaf methanolic extracts exhibited activity at MICs of 5 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively, against both tested fungi. Dichloromethane and methanolic extracts exhibited antibacterial activity with MICs ranging from 2.5 - 10 mg/mL and 0.625 - 5 mg/mL, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts of T. vogelii revealed potentiality of bioactives against fungal and bacterial diseases.Item Antimycobaterial and antibacterial activities of extracts from Caesalpinia bonduc ( L .) Roxb(2017) Mlozi, Stephano HanoloAim of study: The study focused on searching bioactives that can be used to combat pathogenic microbes from leaves, stem wood and stem bark of Caesalpinia bonduc Roxb. Background: Many pathogenic microbes have developed resistance to most of the recommended first line and second line drugs. Antimicrobial resistances endanger the control of infectious diseases by increasing morbidity and mortality and impose massive costs on societies in both developed and developing countries. Medicinal plants used for treatment of infectious diseases are potential of bioactives to combat this problem. Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb is ethnomedically used by communities in Africa and India but little is known on the bioactive compounds therefrom. In order to know the bioactive on other parts of this plant it contains, it was necessary to undertake phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial analysis of extracts. Material and Method: The plant materials of Caesalpinia bonduc were collected from Kisakasaka mangrove reserve, Zanzibar. Micro-organisms were collected from Department of Microbiology at MUHAS. Methanol, chloroform and n-hexane extracts from stem wood, stem bark and leaves of Caesalpinia bonduc were evaluated for antimicrobials. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC29953) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC25922). Antimycobacterial activity was performed against two non-pathogenic mycobacteria species namely Mycobacteria indicus pranii and Mycobacteria madagascariense. The two-fold serial dilution method was used to evaluate MIC for antimicrobial activities. Chromatographic techniques employed in sequential extractions. Results: Extracts with high activity had MIC of 2.5 mg/mL while extracts with low activity had MIC of 5.0 mg/mL. Conclusion: Antimicrobial activity exhibited by extracts indicated that, Caesalpinia bonduc is a potential for bioactive metabolites which can be used as leads for the development of antimicrobial agents.Item Applicability of Satellite Remote Sensing in Accounting Above-Ground Carbon in Miombo Woodlands(2015-10) Mganga, Nyatwere D.; Lyaruu, Herbert V.M.The crisis of climate change has drawn attention of ecologists all over the world to explore ways that could effectively enhance the sequestration of carbon in forests and woodlands. This necessitates forest inventory, along with knowledge of techniques that are quick and manageable. The present study was carried out in Miombo woodlands of western Tanzania namely, Kitwe and Mgaraganza. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of remote sensing in estimating the stock of carbon in Miombo woodlands. Two types of data namely, ground-truthing and satellite imagery were used. Ground-truthing data were obtained by measuring the diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees in 30 and 20 concentric plots in Kitwe and Mgaraganza forests, respectively. The average DBH of trees in each forest was fitted in biomass allometric models to estimate the ground-truthing vegetation biomass. On the other hand, Landsat images of the two forests were used to compute the Normalised Vegetation Index (NDVI). The computed NDVI were regressed with the ground-truthing vegetation biomass to get the remotely sensed vegetation biomass which was assumed to be 50% carbon. The coefficients of determination between the ground-truthing above-ground biomass and the NDVI values were statistically significant at P<0.05. The above-ground carbon stock obtained by ground-truthing in Mgaraganza and Kitwe forests was 3 and 2 times higher than that of satellite remotely sensed data respectively. The above-ground carbon stock obtained from satellite remote sensing gives some impression thus a basis for remote sensing in Miombo woodlandsItem Application of WRF Mesoscale Model for Prediction of Wind Energy Resources in Tanzania(Elsevier, 2020-01-30) Kibona, Talam EnockThis study gives an overview of the wind energy resource distribution within and of the coast of Tanzania. Wind speed predictions using WRF model at 60 m a.g.l, which is typically the height of turbine hub, are compared with the wind speed values obtained by extrapolating Final Analysis (FNL) wind speed data at 10m a.g.l using power law. The WRF Model is used for 72-hours wind speed and direction forecasting where the initial boundary of the model is provided by Final Analysis data (FNL) available at UCAR with resolution of 1 × 1 degree. The WRF model has good results in comparison to power law because the variation is very small. At 1200 and 1800 hours over the areas near the land WRF predicts low wind speed than power law. WRF model predicts more offshore wind strength in the night than the noon. At 1300 to 1400 hrs the wind speed in the offshore part of Tanzania is mostly below 9 m/s as predicted by WRF model. Based on the limited studies, it has been observed that the wind energy potential exists in the offshore zones of Tanzania. This study encourage exploring the possibilities of harnessing the offshore wind energy potentials available in Tanzania. The approach adopted could be configuring WRF models with high horizontal resolution and many domains and carrying out detailed theoretical assessment of the wind energy resources, supplemented by actual measurements of the wind pattern using met-masts at different locations across and offshore of Tanzania.Item Assessment of African Blackwood (Dalbergia melanoxylon) Population Structure in Kilwa District, Tanzania(Tanzania Journal of Science, 2021-10-30) Washa B., Washa; Nyomora, Agnes; Nnungu, Stephen IOverharvesting and limited conservation efforts have posed a serious threat to future availability of Dalbergia melanoxylon in Tanzania in recent years. The study was conducted between 2018 and 2020 covering Mitarure Forest Reserve (MFR) and 2 surrounding community forests of Ngea and Nambawala in Kilwa District. The purpose of the study was to assess the existing population status of the species in Tanzania. A total of 36 circular plots in Mitarure and 15 plots in each community forest were laid down. Data were recorded for the number of stems per plot, and then converted on per hectare basis where the basal area and densities per hectare were calculated. Data was disaggregated into 5 Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) generated distribution classes ranging from DBH 0 to more than 45 cm. The results revealed that, there was a contrast between the Mitarure Forest Reserve and community forests in terms of individual number of trees per unit area, basal area and densities. The numbers of stems per hectare for the species were found to be 16, 10 and 8 stems/ha in Mitarure, Ngea and Nambawala forest, respectively. Dalbergia melanoxylon in Mitarure forest was normally distributed. The respective basal area was over 80 m2 per ha in Nambawala against over 60 in MFR and Ngea. The results suggest success of the communities in conserving the species after previous overharvest. Authorities should frequently visit forests to increase the population of the species and reduce unauthorised harvesting.Item ASSESSMENT OF INDOOR RADON-222 CONCENTRATIONS IN THE VICINITY OF MANYONI URANIUM DEPOSIT, SINGIDA(Tanzania Journal of Science, 2018-05-23) Mlay, Germana; Makundi, IsmaelThis study aimed to assess indoor radon concentrations in the vicinity of the Manyoni Uranium Deposit in Singida. The concentrations were measured for two months in 32 houses in the vicinity of Manyoni Uranium Deposit and 9 houses at Manyoni town using a portable radon gas monitor (Alpha –GUARDTM). The radon concentrations ranged from 27±3 to 518±28 Bq/m3with the overall mean of 166±12 Bq/m3 which is above recommended values of 100 Bq/m3 and 148 Bq/m3 set by WHO (World Health Organization) and EPA (Environmental Protection Agency's), respectively. The overall mean of indoor radon concentrations from each village were Kipondoda (169±13 Bq/m3), Muhalala (177±16 Bq/m3), Mwanzi, (287±13 Bq/m3), Mitoo (325±21 Bq/m3) and Majengo (377±23 Bq/m3) which exceed the limit set by WHO (World Health Organization) and EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). The value of 325±21 Bq/m3 and 377±23 Bq/m3 from Mitoo and Majengo respectively, exceed the limit of 300 Bq/m3 recommended by ICRP (International Commission on Radiation Protection). Thus there is a non-negligible probability of incurring stochastic effects for people living in the vicinity of Manyoni Uranium mine. It is recommended that human activities should be controlled near the uranium deposits and dwelings should be well ventilated.Item Assessment of Traditional Environmental Knowledge Systems Applied to Climate Change and Variability Adaptation in Rombo District, Tanzania(2019) Fundisha, EvaristThis study was done to assess the efficacy of traditional environmental knowledge systems (TEKS) applied to climate change and variability adaptation in Rombo District, Tanzania. Different methods of data collection, analysis and presentation were employed for sensible report. Results indicate the study community have, to some extent, managed to withstand the effects of climate change and variability and other stressors by employing TEKS. The devised adaptation strategies to crop failure resulted from climate change and variability can be related to agronomic techniques, social coherence and livelihood diversification. The efficacy of the devised adaptation strategies were hindered by small land sizes, location, insolvency, technical knowhow, and climate change and variability. For effective adaptation to climate change and variability, multidisciplinary approaches that consider location and socio-economic characteristics of individuals are recommended.