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Item The Migration Factor in American and African Labour History(1993) Kaijage, Frederick J.In the histories of both the United State of America and Africa, migration of labour constitutes an important chapter. It is generally associated with the processes of change that entailed economic and social transformations. These transformations were observable on the part of both th~'origins and the destinations of the migrants. Labour migration on a significant scale meant a far-reaching disruption of economic and social life on the part not only of the individual migrants but of whole communities. Such a phenomenon can only be explained in terms of either sudden social upheavals or, more often, fundamental structural changes in society:Item Patterns and Processes of Social Exclusion in Tanzania(1995) Tibaijuka, Anna K.; Kaijage, Frederick J.Item Using Rapid Research to Develop a National Strategy to Assist Families Affected by AIDS in Tanzania.(1997) Hunter, S.; Kaijage, Frederick J.; Maack, P.; Kiondo, A.; Masanja, P.Although information on African family adaptation to the AIDS epidemic is critical to planning and managing government, donor and NGO programs of assistance, current knowledge is limited to a small number of research studies. An AIDS prevention project in Tanzania undertook a rapid national assessment to identify the major problems for families in Tanzania in adapting to the epidemic. The methodology used for the work was distinct from prior studies: the research covered a wide cross-section of Tanzanian population groups to gauge the extent of ethnic, urban–rural and regional variation; it was rapid and qualitative, to gather data on broad trends in a short time; and it was designed in co-operation with policymakers so they could understand the approach being used and were receptive to the findings. The study identified common problems in AIDS care, counselling and survivor assistance. Many of the problems for families with AIDS have their origin in poverty and changes in African family structures over the past 20 years, which African demographers are just beginning to describe. Stresses arising from these changes are now being aggravated by AIDS, but families with sufficient resources, whether female or male-headed, are coping better than those without.Item The AIDS Crisis in the Kagera Region, Tanzania, from an Historical Perspective(1989) Kaijage, Frederick J.Item Management Consulting in Africa: Utilizing Local Expertise(Kumarian Press, 1993) Kaijage, Frederick J.Item Peasant Resistance to Proletarianization in Colonial Tanzania(African Studies Center, 1983) Kaijage, Frederick J.Item Labor Conditions in the Tanzanian Mining Industry, 1930-1960(1983) Kaijage, Frederick J.Item Labouring Barnsley, 1816-1856: a Social and Economic History(1975) Kaijage, Frederick J.In the closing years of the 18th century, as linen weaving was displaced by cotton in many English towns, the industry took refuge in a few localities, one of which was the township of Barnsley. The Barnsley linen industry expanded in the first three decades of the 19th century and attracted a large immigrant labour force. But owing to competition from cotton and from linen produced in Ireland and Scotland, the town's linen trade began to decline. By the mid-1850's, it was no longer the staple industry. Coal had replaced it. This study examines the social and economic structure of Barnsley during its rapid urbanization. By employing statistical sources traditionally neglected by historians, it goes beyond other social and economic histories of the period. The problems of the Bnglish linen trade, whose history has never been written, are discussed. The plight of the linen weavers who suffered from chronic unemployment, declining wages and bad living conditions, is compared and contrasted with the position of the coal miners, whose industry, in the last years of our period, enjoyed prosperity. The industrial militancy of the weavers, who persistently tried to resist wage reductions, contrasted with the relative docility of the miners. Barnsley played a prominent role in radicalism, Chartism and other working-class movements of the early 19th century. This thesis aims to relate these developments to the community in which they took place. The class-consciousness of the Barnsley workers had marry roots: the peculiar problems of the linen trade; the oligarchic nature of its parochial institutions, dominated by employers; and the influence of its immigrant population. The ideas which interacted with these forces are also discussed.Item Kyamutwara(1971) Kaijage, Frederick J.Item AIDS Control and the Burden of History in Northwestern Tanzania(Springer, 1993) Kaijage, Frederick J.The Bahaya constitute the largest single cultural unit in the northwestern Tanzanian region of Kagera and occupy the area where AIDS was first diagnosed in Tanzania in 1983. The locality inhabited by the Bahaya is also the worst affected by AIDS in the country. Seroprevalence surveys conducted in 1987 found seroprevalence among those aged 15-54 to be 32.8% in Bukoba urban district, 9.7% in Bukoba rural and Muleba districts, and 4.6% in Karagwe district. More recent surveys would no doubt found higher prevalences of infection. HIV transmission among adults in Africa is primarily bidirectional and through heterosexual activity between multiple sexual partners. The author considers historical antecedents in the social construction of disease, the cultural dimension of Haya sexuality, and the socioeconomic basis of HIV transmission, and argues that disease is as much a biological fact as it is a social fact. Specifically, he highlights the merit of referring to how past epidemics of sexually transmitted diseases have been handled; notes that the sexual transmission of disease is strongly influenced by socioeconomic forces; and discusses how the situation has been aggravated by political instability in neighboring Uganda. Efforts to modify sexual behavior toward the prevention of AIDS will be successful only if coupled with measures to strengthen the region's economy and redress the effects of war.Item The Maji Maji War and the Prevalence of Diseases in South-Eastern Tanzania, 1905-1910(Tanzania Zamani, 2010) Sadock, MusaThe paper explores the role of Maji Maji War in creating conditions conducive to the emergence and spread of diseases in the South-eastern part of German East Africa (the present day Tanzania mainland) from 1905 to 1910. It has been found out that the war resulted in non-burial of the dead, movements of people, famine, depopulation, and the breakdown of traditional healing institutions. These conditions, in turn, exacerbated the spread and vulnerability of the residents of the region to diseases such as small pox, sexually transmitted diseases, diarrhoea, sleeping sickness and parasites such as jiggers. In reconstructing this history, secondary sources were used namely historical books, thesis, research papers and journal articles. In addition to the sources, ethnographic surveys and electronic sources were consulted. This study is significant in that it contributes to the growing body of works on wars and epidemics.Item Eating a Ripe Banana with Its Skin On’: Health Education Campaigns against STDs and HIV/AIDS in Mbozi District, Tanzania, 1980s-2010(The African Anthropologist, 2012) Sadock, MusaAbstract This historical study assesses health education campaigns against sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS in Mbozi district, Tanzania, between 1980 and 2010. Archival and oral data collected in Mbozi from 2008 to 2010 reveal that the campaigns have not had the intended impact of preventing the spread of the diseases. This is in part because the campaigns do not take into account the prevailing socio-economic and cultural contexts. Nevertheless, there is an increase of public awareness of sexually transmitted diseases and a slight change of sexual behaviour. Thus, to improve on the current campaigns, the stakeholders who are involved in intervention campaigns against sexually transmitted diseases should take into account the socio-economic and cultural environment. Résumé Cette étude historique évalue les campagnes de sensibilisation contre les maladies sexuellement transmissibles, notamment le VIH/SIDA dans le district de Mbozi, en Tanzanie, entre 1980 et 2010. Les données d’archives et de sources orales recueillies à Mbozi de 2008 à 2010 révèlent que les campagnes n’ont pas eu l’impact escompté qui était de prévenir la propagation des maladies. Cela est en partie lié au fait que les campagnes ne prennent pas en compte les contextes socioéconomiques et culturels existants. Néanmoins, l’on observe une conscience croissante du publique vis-à-vis des maladies sexuellement transmissibles et un léger changement de *Item The Role of the British Capital in the Formation of the Trans-South African State(1987) Lawi, Yusufu Q.Item A Biographical and Historiographical Sketch of Walter Rodney(Makerere Historical Journal, 1989) Lawi, Yusufu Q.Item Modernization and the De-harmonization of Man-Nature Relationship: The Case Study of the Old Mbulu District(1992) Lawi, Yusufu Q.The process of modernization of the Iraqw peasantry of Babati, Hanan'g and Mbulu Districts of Tanzania during 1960-90 is examined. Modernization has led to apparent changes in the way the traditionally agro-pastoralist Iraqw perceive the relationship between themselves and their physical environment. The expansion of commercial cropping of wheat, maize and beans since the 1970s has led to land and soil degradation. Environmental degradation and other man-made ecological problems are related to the contemporary economic mode, namely the pursuit of profit.Item Tradition and Environmental History: The Case of Iraqw'ar Da/aw, Northern Tanzania(OSSREA, 2000) Lawi, Yusufu Q.Item Rational Myths and Mythical Rationalities in Rural Articulations of Illness: A theoretical overview and case study of Mbulu-Hanang, northern Tanzania, Circa 1900 to the Present(University of Dar es Salaam, 2005) Lawi, Yusufu Q.That local narratives and oral discourses constitute important source materials for the reconstruction of histories of illness and healing in rural Africa is a widely accepted fact. What continues to attract much discussion in the humanities and social sciences, however, is the question of how such narratives relate to the reality they articulate, and whether knowledge implied in popular oral articulations generally has any efficacy to talk of. These concerns are by no means new. Yet their relevance persists, partly because of the need to continue the battle for theoretical clarity and partly because the varying positions in the debate have profound policy implications