Department of History
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Item AIDS Control and the Burden of History in Northwestern Tanzania(Springer, 1993) Kaijage, Frederick J.The Bahaya constitute the largest single cultural unit in the northwestern Tanzanian region of Kagera and occupy the area where AIDS was first diagnosed in Tanzania in 1983. The locality inhabited by the Bahaya is also the worst affected by AIDS in the country. Seroprevalence surveys conducted in 1987 found seroprevalence among those aged 15-54 to be 32.8% in Bukoba urban district, 9.7% in Bukoba rural and Muleba districts, and 4.6% in Karagwe district. More recent surveys would no doubt found higher prevalences of infection. HIV transmission among adults in Africa is primarily bidirectional and through heterosexual activity between multiple sexual partners. The author considers historical antecedents in the social construction of disease, the cultural dimension of Haya sexuality, and the socioeconomic basis of HIV transmission, and argues that disease is as much a biological fact as it is a social fact. Specifically, he highlights the merit of referring to how past epidemics of sexually transmitted diseases have been handled; notes that the sexual transmission of disease is strongly influenced by socioeconomic forces; and discusses how the situation has been aggravated by political instability in neighboring Uganda. Efforts to modify sexual behavior toward the prevention of AIDS will be successful only if coupled with measures to strengthen the region's economy and redress the effects of war.Item The AIDS Crisis in the Kagera Region, Tanzania, from an Historical Perspective(1989) Kaijage, Frederick J.Item A Biographical and Historiographical Sketch of Walter Rodney(Makerere Historical Journal, 1989) Lawi, Yusufu Q.Item A Biographical-Historiographical Note of Walter Rodney(Makerere Historical Journal, 1989) Lawi, Yusufu Q.Item Changes and Continuities in Local Articulations of Life, Illness and Healing in Rural Tanzania: A case Study of the Iraqw of North Central Tanzania(Journal of Population Studies and Development, 2008) Lawi, Yusufu Q.Item Changing Policies and their Influence on Government Health Workers in Tanzania 1967-2009: Perspectives from Rural Mbulu District”, The International Journal of African Historical Studies(The International Journal of African Historical Studies, 2013) Lawi, Yusufu Q.; Bech, M.; Rekdal, O.; Massay, D.Tanzania has experienced fundamental policy shifts during the last fifty years. This included experimentation with reforms based on socialism and neoliberalism, and involved powerful actors. Public health services have been one of the main targets for policy and structural reforms, and personnel at the local level have had to cope with new measures under changing regimes. This article explores the public health services in Tanzania mainland from 1967 to 2009 from a health worker perspective. How did shifting policies influence government health workers in their daily work, and how did they perceive and respond to the policies? Oral narratives were collected mainly in rural Mbulu District, north central Tanzania. We argue that top-down experiments undertaken by development experts and politicians on the national and global arena during the socialist period (1967-1985) and the neoliberalist period (1986 to the present) had both intended and unintended outcomes. The experiences of the government health workers in this study provide a historical background to understand some of the present challenges in the public health sector in TanzaniaItem Dar es Salaam: Histories from an Emerging African Metropolis(Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, The British Institute in Eastern Africa, 2007) Burton, A.; Brennan, J.; Lawi, Yusufu Q.From its modest beginnings in the mid-19th century, Dar es Salaam has grown to become one of sub-Saharan Africa's most important urban centres. A major political, economic and cultural hub, the city stood at the cutting edge of trends that transformed twentieth-century East Africa. Dar es Salaam has recently attracted the attention of a diverse, multi-disciplinary, range of scholars, making it currently one of the continent's most studied urban centres. This collection from eleven scholars from Africa, Europe, North America and Japan, draws on some of the best of this scholarship and offers a comprehensive, and accessible, survey of the city's development. The perspectives include history, musicology, ethnomusicology, culture including popular culture, land and urban economics. The opening chapter offers a comprehensive overview of the history of the city. Subsequent chapters examine Dar es Salaam's twentieth century experience through the prism of social change and the administrative repercussions of rapid urbanization; and through popular culture and shifting social relations. The book will be of interest not only to the specialist in urban studies but also to the general reader with an interest in Dar es Salaam's environmental, social and cultural history. James Brennan is a Lecturer in History at the School of Oriental & African Studies (SOAS), University of London. His research interests include nationalism and urbanization in Tanzania, and he is currently researching the historical role of radio and other mass media in East Africa's political culture. Andrew Burton is an Honorary Research Fellow of the British Institute in Eastern Africa, based in Addis Ababa. He has published widely on East African urban culture; and his current interests are the history of youth, urbanization and delinquency in Eastern Africa. Yusuf Lawi is the former Head of the Department of History at the University of Dar es Salaam; and is currently Senior Lecturer in History and Deputy Director of the University's Centre for Continuing Education. He specializes in environmental and social historyItem Eating a Ripe Banana with Its Skin On’: Health Education Campaigns against STDs and HIV/AIDS in Mbozi District, Tanzania, 1980s-2010(The African Anthropologist, 2012) Sadock, MusaAbstract This historical study assesses health education campaigns against sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS in Mbozi district, Tanzania, between 1980 and 2010. Archival and oral data collected in Mbozi from 2008 to 2010 reveal that the campaigns have not had the intended impact of preventing the spread of the diseases. This is in part because the campaigns do not take into account the prevailing socio-economic and cultural contexts. Nevertheless, there is an increase of public awareness of sexually transmitted diseases and a slight change of sexual behaviour. Thus, to improve on the current campaigns, the stakeholders who are involved in intervention campaigns against sexually transmitted diseases should take into account the socio-economic and cultural environment. Résumé Cette étude historique évalue les campagnes de sensibilisation contre les maladies sexuellement transmissibles, notamment le VIH/SIDA dans le district de Mbozi, en Tanzanie, entre 1980 et 2010. Les données d’archives et de sources orales recueillies à Mbozi de 2008 à 2010 révèlent que les campagnes n’ont pas eu l’impact escompté qui était de prévenir la propagation des maladies. Cela est en partie lié au fait que les campagnes ne prennent pas en compte les contextes socioéconomiques et culturels existants. Néanmoins, l’on observe une conscience croissante du publique vis-à-vis des maladies sexuellement transmissibles et un léger changement de *Item Gender, Generation and Communication in Times of AIDS(University of Dar es Salaam, 2003) Rekdal, O.; Lawi, Yusufu Q.Item History of Diseases and Healing in Africa(University of Dar es Salaam, 2004) Lawi, Yusufu Q.; Mapunda, B.Item The Idea of ‘University(Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, 2008) Lawi, Yusufu Q.Item In Search of Relevance: A History of the University of Dar es Salaam(University of Dar es Salaam Press, 2008) Kimambo, I.; Mapunda, B.; Lawi, Yusufu Q.Item Indigenous Religions in Contemporary Tanzania(E & D LTD, 2005) Lawi, Yusufu Q.; Massanja, P.Item Indigenous Religions in Tanzania(E & D LTD, 2006) Lawi, Yusufu Q.; Massanja, P.Item Justice Administration Outside of the Ordinary Courts of Law in Mainland Tanzania: The Case of Ward Tribunals in Babati District(African Studies Quarterly, 1997) Lawi, Yusufu Q.Since colonial days, justice administration in what is now mainland Tanzania, has invariably involved arbitral procedures alongside the more court-based litigation process. The British colonial government in Tanzania (then Tanganyika) systematized and put in place a system of customary arbitration which, although distinct, formed part of the colonial legal system. At first the post-colonial state adopted this system without any alteration, but in 1969 a statutory provision was made for the creation of a more formal and village-based structure known as the Arbitration Tribunals (1969). In 1985, a parliament Act (no. 7 of 1985) replaced these with more formalized and regularized organs called the Ward Tribunals. In contrast to the Arbitration Tribunals, the latter organs are based in wards and are meant to function under the overall control of the district-based local government authorities.Item Kyamutwara(1971) Kaijage, Frederick J.Item Labor Conditions in the Tanzanian Mining Industry, 1930-1960(1983) Kaijage, Frederick J.Item Labouring Barnsley, 1816-1856: a Social and Economic History(1975) Kaijage, Frederick J.In the closing years of the 18th century, as linen weaving was displaced by cotton in many English towns, the industry took refuge in a few localities, one of which was the township of Barnsley. The Barnsley linen industry expanded in the first three decades of the 19th century and attracted a large immigrant labour force. But owing to competition from cotton and from linen produced in Ireland and Scotland, the town's linen trade began to decline. By the mid-1850's, it was no longer the staple industry. Coal had replaced it. This study examines the social and economic structure of Barnsley during its rapid urbanization. By employing statistical sources traditionally neglected by historians, it goes beyond other social and economic histories of the period. The problems of the Bnglish linen trade, whose history has never been written, are discussed. The plight of the linen weavers who suffered from chronic unemployment, declining wages and bad living conditions, is compared and contrasted with the position of the coal miners, whose industry, in the last years of our period, enjoyed prosperity. The industrial militancy of the weavers, who persistently tried to resist wage reductions, contrasted with the relative docility of the miners. Barnsley played a prominent role in radicalism, Chartism and other working-class movements of the early 19th century. This thesis aims to relate these developments to the community in which they took place. The class-consciousness of the Barnsley workers had marry roots: the peculiar problems of the linen trade; the oligarchic nature of its parochial institutions, dominated by employers; and the influence of its immigrant population. The ideas which interacted with these forces are also discussed.