Institute of Kiswahili Studies

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African Languages as a Gateway to Sustainable Development, Democracy and Freedom: The Example of Swahili
(University of Kwazulu-Natal, 2014) Mutembei, Aldin
The African Academy of Languages conceptualizes African integration and development through African languages. It is through African languages that the continent will restore its dignity and respect. In East Africa, Swahili resisted the waves of imperial culture to claim its rightful position. The language is growing and spreading, embracing on its way the elements of Ubuntu and ‘Africanness’ which makes it accepted from one country to another. Following the example of Kiswahili’s linguistic and literary affluence, the paper argues that African languages demonstrate the potential not only for Africa’s integration, but indeed the ability to maintain peace and mutual understanding and respect. Combining with economic prospects, African languages such as Kiswahili are likely to stand for, and boost African development. Using the Ubuntu theory as developed by Horace Campbell (2010), the paper looks into the possible reasons for the spread of Kiswahili in different nations in modern times, and the rationale for its acceptance in a multilingual African environment. The paper calls for the policy makers in Africa to give priority to African languages, paving the way to a realistic education system, freedom of expression, stimulation of innovative ideas and creativity, and the ultimate development of the African people
African Languages as a Gateway to Sustainable Development, Democracy and Freedom: The Example of Swahili
(Interdisciplinary Journal for Study of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa, 2014-09-24) Mutembei, Aldin K.
The African Academy of Languages conceptualizes African integration and development through African languages. It is through African languages that the continent will restore its dignity and respect. In East Africa, Swahili resisted the waves of imperial culture to claim its rightful position. The language is growing and spreading, embracing on its way the elements of Ubuntu and 'Africanness' which makes it accepted from one country to another. Following the example of Kiswahili's linguistic and literary affluence, the paper argues that African languages demonstrate the potential not only for Africa's integration, but indeed the ability to maintain peace and mutual understanding and respect. Combining with economic prospects, African languages such as Kiswahili are likely to stand for, and boost African development. Using the Ubuntu theory as developed by Horace Campbell (2010), the paper looks into the possible reasons for the spread of Kiswahili in different nations in modern times, and the rationale for its acceptance in a multilingual African environment. The paper calls for the policy makers in Africa to give priority to African languages, paving the way to a realistic education system, freedom of expression, stimulation of innovative ideas and creativity, and the ultimate development of the African people
AIDS Communication through Billboards and Murals in Tanzania
(2014) Mutembei, Aldin K.
One of the incontrovertible marks for Tanzania’s open door policy is the huge billboards along major roads and highways; and murals (or graffiti) on fences or walls of large buildings. This is relatively a new way of communication in a country that once pursued Ujamaa policies. Promoters of public health and particularly HIV/AIDS awareness campaign have turned to use billboards as one of the ways to communicate responsiveness messages to different communities. Artists similarly, have created a space for their murals to share their messages about the AIDS scourge. As this kind of communication uses artistic language and creativity, it attracts a curious literary critic into rethinking the meaning and boundaries of literature and its role in society. The paper attempts to examine what kind of HIV/AIDS messages is being communicated. What impact does such communication has to people, and how in turn the people respond to such adverts? Using a modified Awareness, Attitude and Behaviour Model (AAB model) adapted from the Earle and Phillips report on billboard survey (2002), the paper seeks to understand the feelings, perception, attitudes and behaviour of individuals as they respond to the adverts on erected billboards or murals and how individuals connect to the figurative language that those billboards and murals beam out.
Asili na Chimbuko la Wazungumzaji wa Kimakunduchi: Hoja za Kihistoria
(Institute of Kiswahili Studies, 2014) Hans, Mussa; Hans, Mussa
Athari za Mandhari-lugha kwa Wanaojifunza Kiswahili kama Lugha ya Pili: Mifano kutoka Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
(TUKI, 2015) Peterson, Rhoda
Watafiti mbalimbali wamelihusisha eneo la mandhari-lugha na taaluma ya isimu-jamii. Mathalani kutumia eneo hilo kutathmini mwingiliano na mabadiliko ya lugha katika miji mbalimbali ulimwenguni. Pia kuchunguza kiwango cha jamii-lugha ulumbi katika maeneo mbalimbali. Pamoja na hayo, mandhari-lugha inahusiana pia na ujifunzaji wa lugha ya pili. Hii ni kutokana na kuwa eneo hilo linaweza kuwa kielelezo cha kujifunzia lugha kwani linajumuisha vielelezo halisi kama vile picha, maandishi, na wakati mwingine matumizi ya lugha zaidi ya moja. Lengo hasa la makala hii ni kuchunguza athari za mandhari-lugha kwa wanaojifunza lugha ya pili, hususani Kiswahili. Uchunguzi huu unatazamiwa kusaidia kutambua manufaa au madhara yanayoweza kusababishwa na mandhari-lugha katika mchakato wa kujifunza Kiswahili kama lugha ya pili. Msukumo wa kuandaa makala hii umetokana na kuwa Kiswahili ni lugha inayokua kimatumizi. Lugha hii inatumiwa katika vyombo mbalimbali vya habari ulimwenguni, mikutano ya kimataifa na pia kufundishwa kama somo mojawapo la lugha katika vyuo vikuu mbalimbali ulimwenguni. Hivyo basi, ipo haja ya kufanya tafiti mbalimbali ili kuboresha mbinu za ufundishaji na ujifunzaji wa lugha ya Kiswahili kama lugha ya pili.
The Availability and Acceptability of Intervention Strategies against AIDS/HIV Infection in the Kagera Region of Tanzania
(1997) Lugalla, Joe L. P.; Comoro, C. J.; Mutembei, Aldin K.
This study was carried out as part of the Kagera AIDS Research Project, a collaborative project between the University of Dar-es-Salaam in Tanzania and the Department of Epidemiology and Health Care Research at the University of Umea in Sweden. The project was created in the Kagera Region (Tanzania) in 1993 to assess the availability, nature and acceptability of HIV/AIDS interventions. An in-depth intensive study carried out in Ruhoko, a village in the Bukoba Rural District, looked at the types of interventions from both the providers' and beneficiaries' point of view. A variety of interventions exist in the area and all are carried out by both foreign and local NGOs in an uncoordinated and unsystematic manner. The government of Tanzania is unable to coordinate these activities because its participation in these processes is insignificant. There are five main interventions: health education, counselling, voluntary HIV testing, treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, and the promotion of condom use. It is clear that AIDS awareness is prevalent but varies among groups of men and women and between men and and women. Culture and social relations of gender inequality influence the acceptability of interventions. Recommendations for a comprehensive intervention strategy conclude the paper. Note, ref., sum.
Baadhi ya Vipengele vya Uambatizi wa Vitenzi katika Kishambala
(TUKI, 2008) Peterson, Rhoda
Uambatizi ni mchakato mmojawapo wa kimofolojia unaohusu uundaji wa maneno. Mchakato huu huhusisha kategoria mbalimbali za maneno, kama vile nomino, vitenzi, vivumishi, vimilikishi, na vioneshi (Kiango, 2000). Vipengele mbalimbali ndani ya kategoria hizo huweza kutofautiana kutoka lugha moja hadi nyingine kutegemeana na sarufi ya lugha husika. Lengo la makala hii ni kuchunguza na kudhihirisha jinsi baadhi ya vipengele vya uambatizi wa vitenzi vinavyojitokeza katika Kishambala. Uchunguzi huu mdogo ni sehemu ya uchunguzi mpana unaolenga kuchambua sarufi ya Kishambala, kazi iliyoanzishwa na wataalamu kadhaa, mmojawapo akiwa marehemu Prof. Besha (1985)
CHALLENGES OF TRANSLATING CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS IN TEACHING KISWAHILI TO FOREIGNERS
(TUKI, UNiversity of Dar es Salaam, 2017) Malangwa, Pendo Salu
One of the methods employed in teaching a foreign language is the grammar translation method (Chang, 2011). In teaching Kiswahili to foreigners, teachers use translations from Kiswahili into English and vice versa. However, the common trend in the application of this approach is that teachers usually translate vocabulary and phrases from Kiswahili into English. Since Kiswahili and English vary grammatically, culturally and in terms of terminological developments (Malangwa, 2010), translating Kiswahili cultural expressions into English reveals a serious challenge. There is always a problem of obtaining equivalents for the cultural expressions in the target language. To make the learning process successful, teachers employ descriptive, literal and communicative techniques to translate certain expressions in their Kiswahili classes and in the teaching materials. However, certain concepts are hardly captured in these translations and, consequently, they have multiple or varied equivalents. This article attempts to discuss the challenges of translating Kiswahili cultural expressions in the Kiswahili classrooms and textbooks as well as other materials available for learning. The aim here is to expose the cultural variations between the two languages and the techniques used to handle such challenges. The data for this article has been collected through interviews and documentary reviews and is analyzed using a comparative technique whereas Kiswahili cultural expressions are presented parallel with their proposed English equivalents. The cultural expressions observed are presented under the following sub-headings: a) greetings expressions, b) food and drinks terms, c) kinship terms, d) expressions related to social practice and e) political expressions. It has been concluded through this study that these are the common categories of cultural expressions observed in teaching Kiswahili to foreigners. As a common practice, teachers, while teaching and in the training manuals, apply descriptive and literal translation techniques to handle none equivalent cultural expressions. Despite the application of these techniques, there are problems observed in the translations offered.
CHANGAMOTO
(TUKI, 2010) MAHENGE, ELIZABETH GODWIN
Tamthiliya hii ya CHANGAMOTO inagusia changamoto wanazokumbana nazo watu wenye mahitaji maalumu katika muktadha wa Bara la Afrika hususani Tanzania. Tamthiliya inasawiri changamoto wanazokumbana nazo watu wenye ulemavu wa viungo, viziwi, wenye ualbino, na bubu.
Communicating About AIDS-Changes in Understanding and Coping with Help of Language in Urban Kagera, Tanzania1
(2002) Mutembei, Aldin K.; Emmelin, Maria; Lugalla, Joe L. P.; Dahlgren, Lars G.
Faced with the problems of HIV/AIDS, people have to find ways to communicate around them. The aim of this paper is to mirror changes over time in the Kagera people's social cognition regarding HIV/AIDS, using their own language as a tracer of this process. Focus group discussions and personal and group interviews conducted during 1992 to 1995 in urban Bukoba, Kagera, constitute the basis for an analysis of metaphorical expressions in use since 1985. Pronounced uncertainty is later transformed into a deeper understanding of the pandemic and an increased disposition to cope with the situation. Knowledge about the socio-linguistic expressions mapped out in this article can be of help when developing guidelines on how to communicate about interventions.
Contracting Non-Academic Services To Private Providers: The Dar Es Salaam Experience
(2003-09) Mkude, Daniel
Dhana ya Maadili katika Uandishi wa Shaaban Robert na Nafasi yake katika Muktadha wa sasa nchini Tanzania
(TUKI University of Dar es Salaam, 2018-04-16) Mutembei, Aldin K.
Dhana ya Muungano kati ya Tanganyika na Zanzibar: Uchambuzi kupitia Lugha ya Kiswahili
(2016-02-15) Mutembei, Aldin K.
Muungano kati ya watu wa Tanganyika na Zanzibar unachunguzwa kihistoria ambapo hoja za kijamii, kisiasa na kiuchumi hutolewa katika kuhalalisha uhistoria wa muungano huo wa kipekee. Ingawa kuna baadhi ya mijadala ya kikatiba kuhusu nguvu za kisheria za muungano, hoja za kiisimu ni mara chache hutolewa ili kuongezea uhalali wa muungano huo unaobishaniwa. Makala hii inatoa mkabala wa kiisimu kuhusu muungano. Kwa kutumia nadharia ya usafiri kama ilivyoelezwa na Edward said (1983), makala inajadili kuenea kwa Kiswahili Sanifu katika Tanzania ambapo kuna lugha zaidi ya 123 huku nyingine zikiwa na sarufi na kamusi zilizoandikwa. Hoja ya Kiswahili sanifu inafafanuliwa zaidi kwa kugawanywa katika vipengele kadha kwa mujibu wa nadharia ya usafiri. Mwishowe makala inaonesha kuwa lugha na fasihi ya Kiswahili huku vikiongozwa na Kiswahili sanifu vinajenga hoja ya nguvu kuhusu muumano na uhalali wa muungano baina ya Tanganyika na Zanzibar.
Dhana ya Vina na Mizani na Dhima yake katika Ushairi wa Kisasa wa Kiswahili
(TUKI, 2020-05-04) Mutembei, Aldin, K.
Katika makala hii, tunajadili dhana ya vina na mizani na kuhakiki dhima yake kama inavyojitokeza katika shairi la Kiswahili. Katika kufanya hivi, tumehakiki mitazamo ya pande mbili ambazo mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1960 ziliibua makundi mawili yaliyozusha mjadala mkali kuhusiana na maana ya ushairi wa Kiswahili. Kundi la kwanza linajulikana kama wanamapokeo. Kundi hili lilishikilia kuwa urari wa vina na mizani na kuimbika kwa shairi ni vipengele vya lazima katika kuufanya utungo uwe shairi la Kiswahili; na kundi la pili lilikuwa na mtazamo kuwa vipengele hivyo si vya lazima, na kuwa si lazima ushairi wa Kiswahili uimbike. Kundi hili linajulikana kama wanamabadiliko (au wanausasa). Makala inajadili na kupendekeza mtazamo mwingine wa kuviangalia vina na mizani katika shairi la Kiswahili. Katika makala hii, tumetumia Nadharia ya Mwitiko wa Msomaji ili kujadili maana aipatayo msomaji wa shairi la Kiswahili kuhusiana na vina na mizani. Makala imejibu maswali mawili: Je, kuna namna moja ya kuangalia maana ya vina na mizani? Je, inawezekana kuwa na vina na mizani katika shairi lisiloimbika? Makala inahitimisha mjadala kwa kudai kuwa ikiwa makundi yote mawili yangeangalia vipengele hivi kiuamilifu, yangefikia uamuzi unaofanana au angalau kukaribiana kuhusiana na nafasi ya vina na mizani katika shairi la Kiswahili. Kwa mantiki hiyo, labda kusingejitokeza mgogoro wa ushairi kama uliotokea.
Dhima ya Fasihi katika Jamii: Lugha ya Kiswahili na Mkakati wa Usomaji kuelekea Umajumui wa Kiafrika
(TUKI University of Dar es Salaam, 2016-08-28) Mutembei, Aldin K.
Dhima ya Mianzo na Miisho katika Nathari za Kiswahili za Fasihi ya Watoto: Mifano kutoka Riwaya na Hadithi za Kiswahili za Watoto Nchini Tanzania
(TUKI, 2017) Lyimo, Edith B.
Epistolary role in East African literary works on AIDS
(repository.unam.edu.na/handle/11070/1920, 2016-05-15) Mutembei, Aldin K.
In East Africa, an epistle as a base for literary analysis is not common. It appears, scholars who have analyzed works of fiction or drama relating to HIV/AIDS scourge, have not considered letters inserted in those works as worth examining. Yet, letters inserted in such creative writings as a style to expound different themes are often encountered. Written artistic works on HIV/AIDS in both Kiswahili and English languages have employed this style to illustrate the HIV/AIDS crisis, as lived by characters in their fictional world. Following Wolf Schmid’s theory on narratology, supplemented with Rosenmeyer’s analytical framework (2003) the article uses an epistolary analysis as a technique for identifying themes in a literary work. The argument developed throughout this article is that epistles should be taken as a point of departure in identifying and examining different voices in the narratives on HIV/AIDS on one hand, and in understanding the psycho-social challenges which fictional characters face in their creative or imaginative world. Through this theory the epistles are juxtaposed to the Kiswahili idiom: barua ni nusu ya kuonana (literally translates as “a letter is seeing each other partially”). It would appear that the reader sees fictional characters in HIV/AIDS creative works from a certain perspective as focalized by the letters. The voices which the readers hear from these characters are all directed the letters used. Following this theory it appears that the themes related to HIV/AIDS are related to or influenced by the inserted epistles.
The Future of East African Orature in the Digital Age: Kiswahili Narratives in the Social Media
(Katedra Języków i Kultur Afryki, Wydział Orientalistyczny, Uniwersytet Warszawski, 2017-09-14) Mutembei, Aldin, K.
According to Afroline report (see, http://www.afronline.org/?p=16226), the use of mobile phones in Africa is on the rise. By the end of 2011 there were more than 500 million mobile phone subscribers in Africa. East Africa is one of the leading regions in Africa, not only in mobile phone usage, but also in the way people are interact-ing through various social media. Google, for example, is witnessing growth in the use of internet through cell phones social media connection, where it is reported that four out of every ten Google search requests come from a mobile phone. Through digital devices, users create and share narratives, chats, and send stories and various texts including picto-graphs. Such an increase in the use of digital devices includ-ing TV and mobile phones on the one hand, and the intensifi-cation of interaction through social media on the other have implications on the meaning and structure of narratives, and on Kiswahili orature in general. Given this trend, we can only predict what the future of Kiswahili oral literature could be. Kiswahili, the language that connects East Africans together, has a long tradition of orature. With the advent of digital de-vices, and the unprecedented rate of East African users of such devices, what will the future of Kiswahili orature in East Africa be? Using intertextuality theory, the paper addresses these questions by focusing on Kiswahili oral literature as captured through WhatsApp messenger, an instantaneous messaging application for smartphones.
The Future of East African Orature in the Digital Age: Kiswahili Narratives in the Social Media
(Katedra Języków i Kultur Afryki, Wydział Orientalistyczny, Uniwersytet Warszawski, 2017-04-14) Mutembei, Aldin
Gender Representation in Simba and Yanga’s Joking Cartoons in Tanzania
(Eastern African Literary and Cultural Studies, Taylor & Francis, 2019-08-20) Omari, Shani
Simba and Yanga are popular soccer teams in Tanzania and are known as long-time joking partners. Several cartoons have emerged in relation to their joking relationship. This paper examines how gender is represented in the joking cartoons between these two soccer teams in Tanzania. The focus of this paper is on the cartoons that display male and female characters. The guiding questions are: How is gender represented in these joking cartoons? What are the themes conveyed by that representation? What is the broader role of such gender depiction in the entire Tanzanian society? The data for this study were collected from blogs and websites. By using Social Identity Theory, this study found that some cartoons seem to disadvantage women by depicting them as incapable of fighting for success in life as they are portrayed as failures. The study also revealed that the themes conveyed by gender representation in these cartoons are sports (victory and defeat), marriage, love and sex, religion, leisure and entertainment, reproduction and decision-making. Despite the fact that these cartoons are about jokes in sports, they demonstrate a traditional stereotypical representation of women as unsuccessful and compliant and men as successful and decisive.

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