College of Humanities

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Academic Integrity: the imperative of probity in African development research." Plenary paper delieverd 16th November, 2018. First Annual UDSM Two Day International Conference Enhancing Strategic Research For Inclusive Industrial Development In Tanzania SIDA-UDSM
(2018-11-16) Lauer, Helen
The international community refers to this as the era of post-truth. But for African scientific researchers investigating and theorizing African realities, there is nothing new about this era of relying upon stereotypes rather than evidence-based hypotheses to spin familiar falsehoods promulgated in the guise of scientific consensus. The global arena is rife with misrepresentations that sustain the bizarre yet incorrigible conviction that Africans require foreign expertise to direct research agendas and to move development policy in a sustainable direction. This is why academic integrity is so important to uphold particularly as individual researchers and knowledge producers representing academic excellence and proximity with facts on the ground, through your expertise and proximity to indigenous knowledge custodians in this part of the world. By academic integrity here I refer narrowly to truthfulness and rigour in the production of knowledge outputs and in the critical assessment, dissemination or rejection of products already in circulation. Key to this notion of integrity is the avoidance of plagiarism. But in the research sciences integrity entails sustaining the confidence to speak facts to fiction, to resist the overwhelming power of knowledge monopolies, where one’s access to research funding and potential career opportunities rest on one’s capitulating to profit-driven research agendas. This begins by correcting the widespread ignorance that passes as received knowledge and theoretical advice sustained by consensus in the global arena about Africans and the interpretation of long term implications of global capital expansion and resource extraction on the Two Thirds World. But the opportunity to forward such corrections will not be offered; it has to be seized, demanded, fought for. That is a struggle that requires courage and tenacity, it requires defiance and commitment and professional risk-taking.
The Acheulean sites from South Escarpment
(2009-01) Rodrigo, Manuel D.; Serrallonga, Jordi; Luque, L.; Martín, Fernando D.; Alcalá, Luis; Bushozi, Pastory G.M.
Adaptation of Loanwords in Chasu
(Journal of Linguistics, and Language in Education, 2019) Msuya, Justin
It is generally agreed that, in a multilingual context, the incorporation of foreign words into a native language is inevitable. However, owing to variations in languages’ systems (phonology, morphology, syntax), each language has its own strategies for adapting loanwords to its system. This paper presents the strategies through which loanwords are integrated into Chasu vocabulary. The data were obtained from Kamusi ya Chasu-Kiingereza-Kiswahili (Mreta 2008) and the fieldwork conducted in Rundugai and Chemka villages in Kilimanjaro Region. The paper is guided by two theoretical approaches, namely the Theory of Constraint and Repair Strategy (TCRS) (Paradis & Lacharite, 1997) and Assimilation Theory (McMahon, 1994; Campbell, 1998; Winford 2003). The paper shows that loanwords are subjected to both phonological and morphological modifications when they are borrowed by Chasu. It is posited that the influx of loanwords in Chasu will eventually lead to the introduction of foreign phonemes into the language’s phonemic system.
African Anglophonism, Translation and the Teaching of Ngugi’s Works
(Modern Languages of America, 2012) Andindilile, Michael
African Perspectives on Programs for North American Students in Africa: The Experience of the University of Dar es Salaam
(2000) Mlama, Penina O.
The University of Dar es Salaam' has a long history of links with universities in different parts of the world. Cur- rently it has formal link agreements with 61 universities in Africa, Asia, and Europe, including 12 in North America (11 in the United States and 1 in Canada). Seven out of the 12 include student exchange at undergraduate or graduate levels. These universities include Carleton, Brown, Connecticut, Hampton, Florida, Iowa, North Carolina (Chapel Hill), uni- versities in the consortium of American Lutheran colleges, and a number of others organized under the International Stu- dent Exchange Program (ISEP) and the International Recip- rocal Student Exchange Program (IRSEP).
African Philosophy and the Challenge of Science and Technology,” in Handbook of African Philosophy eds.
(ToyinFalola&AdeshinaAfolayan, Palgrave-Macmillan in press., 2017) Laure, helen
Unregulated knowledge markets have yielded the tragedy of the global commons, trading in profitable, high-tech commodities—from genetically modified seeds to electronically transferred ‘bit’ coinage. These quick-fix responses to basic human needs exacerbate the very distributive injustices that ostensibly they were intended to correct. The challenge faced by contemporary African philosophers is to defeat the tyranny of foreign expertise which undermines our biosphere and therefore threatens human survival, as it commands the pursuit of science-for-profit in the twenty-first century. African professional intellectuals can meet this challenge as philosophers without borders, utilizing their competitive advantage in defying the disciplinary boundaries that retard researchers and developers in G8 countries in their effort to grapple with egregious human distress. African intellectuals in all fields working as philosophers without borders are well-positioned to infiltrate the global division of intellectual labour, while amplifying otherwise suppressed critical voices of indigenous authority and of Western-trained African specialists—whose testimonies are disregarded if they threaten a lucrative agenda. The world’s ‘remote’ regions afford the best location for recognizing the shortfalls of profit-driven initiatives in pursuit of post-2015 UN sustainable development goals. Working in the poorest economies, African professionals are the best suited to study and reflect upon local conditions, and from there to extrapolate internationally, speaking on behalf of populations throughout the Two Thirds World who have the most to gain by radical transformation of the global knowledge economy.
AIDS Control and the Burden of History in Northwestern Tanzania
(Springer, 1993) Kaijage, Frederick J.
The Bahaya constitute the largest single cultural unit in the northwestern Tanzanian region of Kagera and occupy the area where AIDS was first diagnosed in Tanzania in 1983. The locality inhabited by the Bahaya is also the worst affected by AIDS in the country. Seroprevalence surveys conducted in 1987 found seroprevalence among those aged 15-54 to be 32.8% in Bukoba urban district, 9.7% in Bukoba rural and Muleba districts, and 4.6% in Karagwe district. More recent surveys would no doubt found higher prevalences of infection. HIV transmission among adults in Africa is primarily bidirectional and through heterosexual activity between multiple sexual partners. The author considers historical antecedents in the social construction of disease, the cultural dimension of Haya sexuality, and the socioeconomic basis of HIV transmission, and argues that disease is as much a biological fact as it is a social fact. Specifically, he highlights the merit of referring to how past epidemics of sexually transmitted diseases have been handled; notes that the sexual transmission of disease is strongly influenced by socioeconomic forces; and discusses how the situation has been aggravated by political instability in neighboring Uganda. Efforts to modify sexual behavior toward the prevention of AIDS will be successful only if coupled with measures to strengthen the region's economy and redress the effects of war.
The AIDS Crisis in the Kagera Region, Tanzania, from an Historical Perspective
(1989) Kaijage, Frederick J.
‘All Men Are Created Equal’: Walker, Delany and the African Colonisation Bigotry
(TTI Publishing Ltd, 2010) Andindilile, Michael
This essay examines two historical documents—David Walker’s Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World and Martin R. Delany’s The Condition, Elevation, and Destiny of the Colored People published in 1929 and 1952, respectively—to stress the rhetorical astuteness of African-Americans writing from the margins in hostile antebellum America. The essay argues that, rhetorically these documents expose America’s weaknesses and contradictions between the principles of freedom that motivated the country’s founding fathers and the compromises that recognised and permitted the continuation of slavery. Specifically, these rhetoricians exploit and subvert Thomas Jefferson’s paradoxical, if not conflicting, thesis on the status of African-Americans in America to advance their argument. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness.
Alterity in Hybridity:Examining the Impact of Globalization on African Children's Literature through the Works of Tololwa M. Mollel
(Sankofa: A Journal of African Children's and Young Adult Literature, 2012) Mpale Yvonne Mwansasu Silkiluwasha
The articles examines the stereotype of the younger generation holding decision-making power over adults in three picture books by Tanzanian author Tololwa Mollel, namely “Song Bird”, “Orphan Boy”, and “Shadow Dance”. It demonstrates that the author compromises the interests of Africans by striving to adopt Western values. It explores the theory of hybridity by Homi Bhabha, which calls for the construction of new identity for immigrant writers who live in Western countries.
An Analysis of Language Use in the Tanzania’s 2010 Pre-election Newspaper Headlines in the Swahili Press
(African Review, 2015) Mapunda, Gastor; Keya, Antoni M
The current paper undertakes a discourse analysis of the front page newspaper headlines of two Tanzanian Swahili weekly newspapers, Mzalendo (Patriot) and Mwanahalisi (Unfeigned child) during the 2010 pre-election period with a view to showing how the press headline discourse in different ways constructs social identities and how these in turn act to influence readers’ voting decisions. The data used comes from ten issues of the two newspapers. The analysis is informed by the Faircloughian three-dimensional framework incorporating: text, discursive practice, and social practice. The main finding is that the writers of both newspaper headlines used alike discursive methods such as selection of particular lexical items and syntactic manipulation with the intent of simultaneously vilifying the contestant viewed by the newspaper as the opponent while at the same time endorsing the one it was supporting. It is recommended that the public understands the strategies for them to make informed decisions.
An Analysis of the Vitality of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Ngoni People of Tanzania: Lessons for other Ethnolinguistic Groups
(Nordic Journal of African Studies, 2015-12) Mapunda, Gastor
The current article looks at the vitality of the intangible cultural heritage of the Ngoni ethnolinguistic group of southern Tanzania to show how a contact situation combined with internal dynamics in the community shape the future of intangible cultural heritage of the group. Using questionnaire, interview and observation methods the findings show that there is insufficient intergeneration transfer. The study does so by studying how intergeneration transfer of values such as language use, knowledge of stories, taboos, dances, sayings, and rituals among the youth is indicative of their level of vitality. Additionally, the ever-increasing contact between Ngoni and Swahili cultures affects the situation and makes the future blurred and hazy. Some aspects of the intangible cultural heritage have been more affected than others, which may suggest their eventual disappearance. In such a situation, documenting such traditional values seems to be the most plausible action before they finally perish altogether.
Animacy-based concord in Chiyao
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2022-07-16) Taji, Julius; Riedel, Kristina
Chiyao (Bantu, P21) allows animate concord and/or grammatical agreement for subject and object marking, depending on the type of noun. This article offers an initial description of the relevant patterns in Tanzanian Chiyao. We examine animacy effects in Chiyao grammar, focusing on subject and object marking. We show that the choice of animate concord over class concord is determined by a complex combination of factors, including formal grammatical features like noun class and number, semantic features of the referent such as size, and pragmatics. These findings contribute to the literature on Chiyao, our understanding of agreement systems in Bantu languages and the typological and comparative literature on animacy as a grammatical and/or pragmatic feature.
Anti-Corruption Struggle in Post-Reform Mass Media
(DUP, Dar es Salaam, 2010) TumainMungu, Peter
Appearance and Development of Metallurgy South of the Sahara
(Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2013) Mapunda, Bertram B.
Archaeological and Ethnographic Evidence for the Historic Consumption of Fish and Shellfish along the Coast of East Africa in Tanzania
(2015) Ichumbaki, Elgidius B.
By using archaeological and ethnographic evidence, this paper provides an overview of historic consumptions of fish and shellfish by local communities that lived along the coast of East Africa particularly in Tanzania. It is argued in this paper that for the past one and half millennium, fish and shellfish landing sites as well as their consumption have been changing over time and space. Data from archaeological surveys and excavations highlight some information on these two issues. Results indicate that, whereas the former (fish and shellfish landing sites) were and continue to be attributed to change in sea level and the need to meet demands of existing socio-economic setups, the latter (their consumption) was either due to availability and/or preferences. This tendency continues to-date though in a different manner. For instance, as a means to obtain preferred fishes, local communities embarked on dynamite fishing which, however, despite providing commercial and food advantages, causes serious harm to both local communities and marine resources.
Archaeological Field Research at Ifakara, Tanzania
(Nyame Akuma, 2008) Lyaya, Edwinus Chrisantus
This paper reports on field research conducted at Ifakara, east-central Tanzania (Figure 1). Ifakara is terra incognito archaeologically speaking because until this fieldwork research, nothing had been reported from this part of Tanzania. The field work was designed (1) to conduct an ethnoarchaeological survey with a view to assess public awareness of cultural heritage, (2) to conduct extensive archaeological survey to discover sites, and (3) to study modern iron smiths. This paper is based on preliminary analysis and presents results of the field research. Results indicate that Ifakara is archaeologically significant.
Archaeological Field Research in Njombe, Tanzania
(Nyame Akuma, 2008) Lyaya, Edwinus Chrisantus
This report is based on field research conducted at Njombe, southern Tanzania (Figure 1). The field research focused on investigating the bio-metallurgy of Bena ironworking and excavating Nundu iron smithing site. The results for this study indicate that while Bena iron workers were species-selective during iron working and that Nundu is an incontrovertibly smithing site in the southern highlands of Tanzania.
Archaeological Perspective on the Impacts of Caravan Trade Expansion in East Africa: Emerging Alternative Histories
(UDSM, 2020) Biginagwa, Thomas; Katto, Philbert
The last two decades have witnessed an increase of archaeological research interest in the East African caravan trade, a topic that was traditionally exclusive to historians. Long-term empirical evidence currently generated by archaeologists continues to consolidate our understanding of the caravan trade, and helps to question some inferences previously drawn from colonial libraries. This paper presents archaeological evidence unearthed from the Northern and Southern caravan routes located in the corresponding areas in the contemporary northern and southern Tanzania. The paper engages material evidence to re-examine some of the consequences of the caravan trade commonly reported in historical writings. Doing so, the paper demonstrates the utility of considering material culture records in studying and re-writing Africa’s recent past.
Archaeology for whose interest – archaeologists or the locals?
(Routledge (London), 2004) Mapunda, Bertram B.; Lane, Paul Jeremy

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