Department of Marketing
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Item Advancing Knowledge Development in African Business(2001) Rutashobya, LetticeItem Advancing Knowledge Development in African Business(2001) Rutashobya, Lettice; Jaensson, Jan-ErikItem African Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development(1999) Rutashobya, Lettice; Olomi, DItem African Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development(1999) Rutashobya, LetticeItem The African Female Entrepreneur(1999) Rutashobya, Lettice; Nchimbi, MItem Agribusiness and sustainable development(2011) Rutashobya, Lettice; Chiwona-Karltun, LinleyItem Item Allan, I, S, (2018) Entrepreneurship training and self-employment choices of graduates: Experience from selected Tanzanian universities. Tanzania. Business Management Review. Vol.21, Issue 2, pp. 14-29.(University of Dar es Salaam, Business School., 2018) Allan, Issack ShimbaFor the past few years entrepreneurship training programmes have been conducted in some universities in Tanzania, with an objective of positively reforming the students’ mindsets regarding self-employment opportunities in the micro, small and medium sized enterprises (MSMEs) sector. However, to date, it has not been easy to determine the extent to which these initiatives have been fruitful. This study aimed at examining the extent to which Tanzanian university students are being equipped with General Enterprising Tendencies (GETs), which are important in enabling them to become active players in the private sector. Quantitative data was collected using the GETs test from 118 university graduates and qualitative data was collected from some of them through 3 focus group discussions and 6 in-depth interviews. Generally, the findings indicated that graduates’ possession of GETs is only moderate. The results revealed scores which were slightly above average on tendencies related to need for achievement (60.3%), independence (51.0%) and drive and determination (57.5%). However, the scores were below average on tendencies related to innovation and creativity (44.5%) and calculated risk taking (46.2%). These findings imply that the causes of below average GETs scores and hence poor motivation self-employment motives amongst graduates are attributable to weak entrepreneurship teaching and learning processes, perceived unfriendliness of the Tanzanian business environment to MSME entrepreneurs and the culture of graduates and their parents/guardians respecting employment in the public sector than in MSMEs. The paper recommends that in order to enhance graduates’ appreciation of self-employment and operations of MSMEs, the above mentioned issues have to be addressed.Item Allan, I. S. (2018) The effects of experiential entrepreneurship learning programmes on performance of trainees’ enterprises: Empirical evidence from small businesses in Tanzania. Business Management Review. Vol 31, Issue 2, pp. 66-78.(University of Dar es Salaam, Business School., 2018) Allan, Issack ShimbaInformed by experiential learning and entrepreneurship theories, this study explored the effects of an entrepreneurship and small business development training programme on performance of the trainees’ enterprises. Pedagogically, the training adopted an experiential learning approach and involved a group of 24 adult trainees who were owner-managers of micro and small enterprises located in Morogoro Region, in Tanzania. Three months after the training, a monitoring and evaluation process was carried out, through which the trainees were followed-up in their respective areas to examine the extent to which they had put into action what they had learnt during the training and thereby enabling the researcher to deduce the effects of the training. The findings show that the trainees had undergone positive changes, both quantitatively and qualitatively. These included increases in the volume of operations, number of employees, sales levels, quality of the products offered, market coverage, methods of distribution and improvement in management of their enterprises. The findings imply that if well-designed and implemented, the use of experiential learning in entrepreneurship and small business development training programmes can significantly enhance trainees’ internalisation of the appropriate knowledge, skills and thereby improve performance of their enterprises.Item Allan, I. S. (2019) Entrepreneurship training and innovative pedagogies of mitigating perceived challenges of business start-up capital to university graduates. Papers in Education and Development. Vol.2, pp 161-182(University of Dar es Salaam, School of Education, 2019-11-30) Allan, Issack ShimbaThis article presents findings from an experimental research design about entrepreneurship training and innovative pedagogies of mitigating the challenges of university graduates to acquire business start-up capital. The study was motivated by observations that although entrepreneurship training has gained potency in many universities, still many university graduates are not becoming job creators. The experiment involved 800 undergraduate students at the University of Dar es Salaam, from 2016 to 2018, using both quantitative and qualitative data. Findings demonstrate that at the end of the experiment, the innovative pedagogy had positively leveraged the students’ motives to go for self-employment. The findings imply that the use of innovative pedagogies in teaching entrepreneurship can minimise students’ fear of going for self-employment upon graduating. The article contributes in enhancing the theory of innovation, practice of entrepreneurship, jobs creation and informs on policy regarding entrepreneurship training. Keywords: business start-up capital, entrepreneurship training, innovative pedagogies, self-employment, university graduatesItem Analysis of All-inclusive travel mode: demand and supply perspectives In the(2008) Anderson, Wineaster; Sampol, C.J.; Albertí, F.S.Item Analysis of “All-Inclusive” Tourism Mode in the Balearic Islands(2012) Anderson, WineasterTourism market forces in most tourism driven economies and mature tourism destinations shift from the ‘conventional independent’ to ‘all-inclusive’ (AI) tour mode. Using Majorca as a case study, this paper analyses the AI mode: its supply and demand sides. Through specific tourist and desk surveys conducted in 2006, it was revealed that until May 2006,the population of AI accommodation suppliers in Majorca was around 195; 36% of which offer ‘exclusively AI’ product. Moreover, above 85% of tourists visiting Majorca were package tour customers; with at least 15 percent travelling through the AI tours. Noticeably, an AI tourist spends less than overall average tourist’s expenditure per day at the destination, but spends more at the country of origin. Challenges are identified and recommendations given to improve the welfare of the economyItem Analyzing International Tourists' Functional Information Needs: A Comparative Analysis of Inquiries in an On-Line Travel Forum(2013) Jani, Dev; Jeong, Ho K.; Hwang, Yeong H.On-line travel forums inform tourists' trip decisions; however, little is known about their information needs. Using international tourists' inquiries from an on-line travel forum, this study examines tourists' functional information needs, their relationship with prospective destinations, and the timing of posting. This study examines samples of Lonely Planet inquiries made about Japan (n=123) and South Korea (n=97). Using content analysis, three judges rate postings by the messages' functional information needs. Statistical tests of aggregate ratings find international tourists tend to use on-line travel forums to gain product knowledge rather than to reduce risks or to make travel plans more efficient. Tourists' functional information needs also vary significantly by travel destination. The association between the postings' timing and functional information needs appears to be marginal.Item Aninclusiveapproachto regulatingthesecondeconomy AtaleoffourSub-SaharanAfricaneconomies(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2018-09-03) Olomi, Donath; Charles, Goodluck; Juma, NormaPurpose – This study aims to examine the experiences and lessons from formalisation initiatives in four sub-Saharan African countries. Drawing upon the three main theories that explain the existence of business informality – the exclusion model, rational exit model and dual economy model – the study offers an alternativepathtobusinessformalisation. Design/methodology/approach – The researchers adopted a descriptive-qualitative method, and throughthetriangulationofdata,identifiedemergingthemesandpatterns. Findings – The findings suggest that the informal sector has a small layer that responds to the simplification of regulations and a larger one that requires a different formalisation framework. This shift in paradigm, indirect or group formalisation, where business associations facilitate traceability (registration), self-regulation, access to resources and services for members was observed in all four of the economies studied:Kenya,Ghana,RwandaandTanzania. Research limitations/implications – As with every qualitative study, subjectivity and interpretation inevitably affect the replicability and generalisability of the findings. However, the rich meanings emerging fromthequalitativeanalysisofthetextarecriticallyinsightful. Practical implications – Developing countries should explore indirect formalisation. Provision of workspace and construction of business premises for informal operators should be given high priority. The model for building structures for micro enterprises should change in favour of ownership by the operators throughtheirownassociationsorotherprivatesectorinvestors. Originality/value – A pioneering study on cross-country analysis based on sub-Saharan African nations tounearthanewparadigm,ashifttowardsindirectorgroupformalisation.Item Antecedents and Consequences of Business Trust in Retailing and Wholesaling in Tanzania(Dar es Salaam University press, 2014) Mboma, Lucy Mary; Philemon, John R. M.The objective of the study was to explore antecedents and consequences of trust between suppliers and retailers in Tanzania. Cases were studied in detail to understand suppliers and retailers relationships. The study shows various sources of trust in retailing and wholesaling to include: paying promptly, paying as agreed, having a guarantor (prominent business person, a politician, ward office, clergy, a known customer), group protection, growing business, long-term buyer from the same supplier, regular customer, and background (knowing parents, brother, sister, schoolmates or, college or friends. There was also an indication of trust by virtue of race or ethnicity or sharing same geographical background, duration of time in business, growing business, increasing purchases, operating at a known location, guarantee from a credible business person, marital status, sex (women were considered more trustworthy), age of the person (where older age was considered to have more wisdom, experience and could not run away). There was conditional trust for who proved not worthy, whose factors were openness and transparency, similarity in values, similarity in ethics, quality products, client focus, and progress made in business that differentiated the traders. The results have implications to management policy and practices. It is recommended that customers should be studied so as establish trust factors that are more important for establishing relationship with increased business and growthItem The antecedents of customer’s perceptions of the quality of mobile phone recharge bundles in Tanzania(University of Dar Es Salaam Business School, 2020) Maliva, NellyOne of the strategies that telecommunication companies employ in order to attract customers and survive is through the quality of their services. This study explores the extent to which customers evaluate price, duration or a size of mobile phone network recharge bundles in order to establish the antecedents of customers’ perception of the quality of the bundle. A cross-sectional approach was necessary in order to get the required information from customers in Tanzania who are users of the bundle services. The causal effects of price, duration and size on the customers’ perception of the bundles were established through correlation and multiple regression analysis. It plainly shows that price, duration and size of the recharge bundles predict customers’ perception of the quality of bundles in Tanzania, albeit the duration has a greatest impact. This study, therefore, adds value to the current knowledge and is useful for mobile phone service providers in their marketing programs.Item Antecedents of Domestic Tourism Demand in Tanzania(2012) Anderson, WineasterItem Assessment of Indicators of Sustainable Ecotourism in Tanzania(2015) Pasape, Liliane; Anderson, Wineaster; Lindi, GeorgeThis study aims at assessing indicators of sustainable ecotourism in Tanzania. Using a survey approach, 250 ecotourism stakeholders from the eastern and northern tourist circuits were interviewed. Qualitative research design was applied due to unsubstantial prior knowledge of the subject matter. Eighteen indicators of sustainable ecotourism were assessed, including consumption rate of natural resources; refurbishment of damaged cultural sites; preservation and human settlement; community's awareness, reliable public services, skilled community; and products’ quality. The findings categorize the indicators of sustainable ecotourism into four dimensions of conservation of natural and cultural diversity, participation of stakeholders, and reliable infrastructure. A number of useful indicators and parameters which can be used during planning, monitoring, and decision-making of ecotourism activities have been suggested.Item ASSESSMENT OF SERVICE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN HOSPITALITY SERVICES FOR TOURISM INDUSTRY IN TANZANIA(UDBS Conference Proceedings, 2017-08-10) Mboma and Kirango, Lucy M and ChristianASSESSMENT OF SERVICE QUALITY ATTRIBUTES AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN HOSPITALITY SERVICES FOR TOURISM INDUSTRY IN TANZANIA By Lucy M Mboma and Christian Kirango ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the influence of service quality dimension on customer satisfaction in hospitality service for the tourism industry in Tanzania. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches generated data on quality services dimentional attributes from tourist and actors in hospitality tourism industry to maximize profit. The results showed that more than 70% of tourists were 31 t0 60 years of age. Their purposes of visits were different but those on leisure were 80.6. % sports, adventure and culture business. Service dimentional factors; reliability, assurance tangibility, empathy, and responsiveness have positive effect on customer satisfaction in hospitality services for tourism industry in Tanzania. Since custome satisfaction was expressed by more than one variables (dimentional factors) multiple regression analysis expedieted the strength of relationship. R2 or coefficient of determination was 0.659 that indicated that 65.9% of variation in customer satisfaction was explained by the model. The Assessment of the results showed relative importance of service dimension factors where Tangibility, Responsiveness, Reliablity, Empathy and Assurance (TRREA) were significantly important in that order. The study also revealed that some challenges including customers not being provided with services as requested or promised and accommodation services were not of standard or did not meet international standards, cuisine were not delivered as per recipe indicated, some of the services were too expensie and deployment of unhospitable or unempathetic service providers. In addition supporting services to hospitality services such as airport and transport facilities were not user friendly in terms of facilities and people, creating service gaps. This study recommends managers and companies to go professional and invest to increase and improve service quality attributes through training of their staff on empathy and assurance, to attain maximum customer satisfaction. In addition, the government improve general infrastructure in order to create conducive environment for the industry and attract more tourists.Item ATITUDE, USAGE OF SIM-BANKING SERVICES AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN TANZANIA,(African Journal of Finance Management, Vol. 20, number 1 p25-41, IFM, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 2012) Mboma, Lucy Mary; Phelician, ErnestThe sim-mobile banking service is one of self-service technologies in which customers can access their accounts at any time and be able to transact from the comfort of their mobile phones. The objective of this research was to assess attitude, usage and customer satisfaction for sim-mobile banking or sms-banking services. Having knowledge provide attitude to use sim-mobile banking service, that either contribute to customers satisfaction or not. This research adopted a positivist research paradigm that investigated two banks, drawing females and males respondents from various sectors of the economy. The results show that sim-mobile banking services were known by customers from public, private, Self employment, Manufacturing, Service, Student and unemployed sectors. The sector in which a person worked did not affect an individual’s decision to use or not to use the service. Students did not use the service because they did not have regular incomes. Awareness of the sim/mobile banking service contributed to positive attitude on the services offered. 35.2% of the respondents said they were satisfied, an indication of positive attitude toward sim-banking services while 30.6% said they were not satisfied. Those satisfied customers had knowledge, attitude and used sim-mobile banking expressed by 94% of the respondents. Scrutiny on usage frequency and satisfaction some used only once in a week (28.6%) but (2.5%) were dissatisfied, (9.5%) neutral and (16.6%) satisfied. For those who used the service several times in a week, all were satisfied where Spearman correlation coefficient test showed positive correlation (0.415) between customers’ satisfaction with service providers and bank services, supporting the claimed that satisfaction led to high usage of the sim-mobile banking service. 23.6% of all the respondents maintained neutral position who did not want exposing ignorance about the use of sim-mobile banking services. Problems affecting use and satisfaction were i) information un-availability, no visible or common efforts to persuade customers advocated by banks providing usefulness of sim-mobile banking services. ii) On the side of the non-users security of their asset-cash and high service charge (overpriced); iii) Unavailability and delay of the service when needed; and iii) Other service providers and collaborations networks of stakeholders inefficiencies. The results have implications to policy and management practices. The limiting business environmental factors need –policy guidance. The study recommends more promotion on sim-mobile banking services, clearing security issues and service charges through differentiated pricing and practice market segmentation. In conclusion, knowledge provides positive attitude on the use of sim-mobile banking services offers.