College of Information and Communication Technology

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Browsing College of Information and Communication Technology by Author "Ai, Yun"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Buffer Delay Improvement in Gait-Cycle-Driven Transmission Power Control Scheme for WBAN
    (IEEE, 2020-10-08) Mohamed, Marshed; Cheffena, Michael; Ai, Yun; Al-Saman, Ahmed
    Due to the dynamic nature of the wireless body area network (WBAN) channels, there is a need for dynamic transmission power control (TPC) to increase their energy efficiency. The existing gait-cycle-driven TPC (G-TPC) successfully achieves this objective, however, it introduces maximum buffer delay equal to the period of the gait cycle. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the potential power saved and the maximum buffer delay in the G-TPC approach. A new approach is proposed based on the transmission window (instead of currently used transmission point) to reduce the maximum buffer delay by studying the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) gait patterns collected from 20 subjects. The results indicated that with a slight modification of the protocol, the same power saving can be achieved for 1.2% of the time with less than half of the maximum buffer delay. The study also indicated that, with tolerant power saving requirements, at least half of the gait channels can reduce the maximum buffer delay by more than 38%.
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    Free-space optical communication: From space to ground and ocean
    (IEEE, 2021-11-11) Abrahamsen, Fredrik Ege; Ai, Yun; Wold, Knut; Mohamed, Marshed
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    Hybrid automatic repeat request‐based intelligent reflecting surface‐assisted communication system
    (Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021-01-20) Ai, Yun; Mohamed, Marshed; Kong, Long; Al‐Saman, Ahmed; Cheffena, Michael
    The intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is an emerging technique to extend wireless coverage. In this letter, the performance of the hybrid automatic repeat request (hybrid ARQ) for an IRS‐assisted system is analysed. More specifically, the outage performance of the IRS‐aided system using hybrid ARQ protocol with chase combining is studied. The asymptotic analysis also shows that the outage performance is better and improves linearly by increasing the number of reflectors of the IRS‐aided system. The results also verify the potential of combining the ARQ scheme in the link layer of the IRS‐aided system and demonstrate that a very small change of path loss condition can impact the performance largely.
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    In-Body Sensor Communication: Trends and Challenges
    (IEEE, 2021-07-07) Mohamed, Marshed; Maiseli, Baraka; Ai, Yun; Mkocha, Khadija; Al-Saman, Ahmed
    Wireless body area networks (WBANs) consist of interconnected devices that monitor the human body functions and the surrounding environment. Of these sensors, implants encounter multiple challenges due to their invasive nature. In addition, the transmission channel of the implants involves living tissues that pose practical challenges in channel modeling. Despite several promising applications of implants in the healthcare industry, there have been insufficient comprehensive reviews that extensively describe trends and challenges of this technology. This work reviews in-body WBANs and presents critical challenges that hinder advancement and application of the technology. We also discuss possible solutions that may be useful to realize in-body WBANs practically.
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    Indoor Channel Estimation Using Single-Snapshot Wideband Measurement
    (IEEE, 2020-03-15) Ai, Yun; Cheffena, Michael; Mohamed, Marshed; Al-Saman, Ahmed
    The successful design of communication systems generally requires knowledge of various channel characteristic parameters. This paper utilizes the reverberation time extracted from single-snapshot wideband measurement to estimate different indoor propagation parameters based on the room electromagnetics theory. The indoor room environment is conceived as a lossy cavity that is characterized by the diffuse scattering components resulting from the surrounding walls and objects and possibly a line-of-sight (LoS) component. The main advantages of the room electromagnetics based approach are simplicity and good accuracy. The approach needs only one wideband measurement in order to extract the reverberation time in addition to some dimensional information on the investigated room to predict various important channel parameter of great importance. The measurements show good agreement with the theoretical predicted results.
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    Rain Attenuation Measurements and Analysis at 73 GHz E-Band Link in Tropical Region
    (IEEE, 2020-03-25) Al-saman, Ahmed; Mohamed, Marshed; Ai, Yun; Cheffena, Michael; Azmi, Marwan Hadri; Rahman, Tharek
    This letter presents the rainfall intensity and rain attenuation analysis in tropical region based on a one-year measurement using the 73.5 GHz E-band link of 1.8 km with three rain gauges installed along the path. The measured rain rate and rain attenuation were analysed and bench-marked with previous measurements and prediction models. The findings from this work showed that Malaysia agrees with the ITU-R rain prediction model of Zone P by 99.99% of time. The maximum measured rain attenuation exceeding 0.03% of the year is around 40.1 dB at the maximum rain rate of 108 mm/h.
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    Statistical Analysis of Rain at Millimeter Waves in Tropical Area
    (IEEE, 202-03-09) Al-saman, Ahmed; Cheffena, Michael; Mohamed, Marshed; Azmi, Marwan Hadri; Ai, Yun
    The high frequencies of millimeter wave (mm-wave) bands have been recognized for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless communication networks. However, the radio propagation channel at high frequencies can be largely influenced by rain attenuation, especially in tropical regions with high rainfall intensity. In this paper, we present the results of rainfall intensity and rain attenuation in tropical regions based on one-year measurement campaign. The measurements were conducted from September 2018 until September 2019 at 21.8 GHz (K-band) and 73.5 GHz (E-band) in Malaysia. The rainfall intensity was collected using three rain gauges installed along a 1.8 km link. The rain attenuation is computed from the difference between the measured minimum received signal level (RSL) during clear sky and rain conditions. The measured rain rate and rain attenuation distributions are then analysed and benchmarked with several previous measurements and well-known prediction models such as the ITU-R P. 530-17. The rainfall rate results showed that the best agreement between the measured rainfall rate in Malaysia and the ITU-R PN.837-1 prediction value for Zone P is up to 0.01% of time (99.99% of time agrees well and only disagrees for 0.01% of time). For the E-band, the maximum measured rain attenuation exceeding 0.03% of the year is around 40.1 and 20 dB for 1.8 and 0.3 km links, respectively, at the maximum rain rate of 108 mm/h. For the K-band, the maximum rain attenuation exceeding 0.01% of the year is around 31 dB for the 1.8 km link. Finally, the rain rates exceeding 108 and 180 mm/h at 73.5 and 21.8 GHz, respectively, along the 1.8 km path caused an outage on our measurement setup. The rain rate of 193 mm/h and above caused an outage for the 0.3 km E-band link. The experimental data as well as the presented data analysis can be utilized for efficient planning and deployments of mm-wave wireless communication systems in tropical regions.