Biomass-based carbon electrode materials for capacitive deionization: a review

dc.contributor.authorElisadiki, Joyce
dc.contributor.authorKibona, Talam Enock
dc.contributor.authorMachunda, Revocatus L.
dc.contributor.authorSaleem, Muhammad Wajid
dc.contributor.authorKim, Woo-Seung
dc.contributor.authorJande, Yusufu A. C.
dc.date.accessioned2019-07-18T09:07:38Z
dc.date.available2019-07-18T09:07:38Z
dc.date.issued2019-06-27
dc.description.abstractCapacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising water purification technology which works by removing salt ions or charged species from aqueous solutions. Currently, most of the research on CDI focuses on the desalination of water with low or moderate salt concentration due to the low salt adsorption capacity of the electrodes. The electrosorption capacity of CDI relies on the structural and textural characteristics of the electrode materials. The cost of electrode materials, the complicated synthesis methods, and the environmental concerns arising from material synthesis steps hinder the development of large-scale CDI units. By considering the good electrical conductivity, high specific surface area (SSA), porous structure, availability, mass production, and cost, porous carbon derived from biomass materials may be a promising CDI electrode material. This review presents an update on carbon nanomaterials derived from various biomasses for CDI electrodes. It covers different synthesis methods and the electrosorption performance of each material and discusses the impact of the SSA and porous structure of the materials on desalination. This review shows that a variety of biomass materials can be used to synthesize cost-effective CDI electrode materials with different structures and good desalination performance. It also shows that diverse precursors and synthesis routes have significant influences on the properties and performance of the resulting carbon electrodes. Additionally, the performance of CDI does not depend only on BET surface area and pore structure but also on the applied voltage, initial concentration of the feed solution, and mass, as well as the capacitance of the electrodes.en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-019-00463-9
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11810/5281
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.subjectcapacitive deionizationen_US
dc.subjectWater desalinationen_US
dc.subjectPorous carbonen_US
dc.subjectSpecific capacitanceen_US
dc.subjectElectrosorption capacityen_US
dc.subjectResearch Subject Categories::NATURAL SCIENCESen_US
dc.titleBiomass-based carbon electrode materials for capacitive deionization: a reviewen_US
dc.typeJournal Article, Peer Revieweden_US
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