The gut-microbiome contribution to HIV-associated cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders

Abstract

During the past decade, there has been a great effort in characterizing the gut microbiome of individuals living with HIV and its influence on HIV-metabolic disorders. Herein, the current understanding of the changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiome in the context of HIV infection, cardiovascular disease, and HIV-associated metabolic disorders is reviewed. A focus is especially given to bacteria gut microbiome and their produced metabolites, including tryptophan, short-chain fatty acids, and trimethylamine-N-oxide, and discuss current literatures that have investigated their role in HIV pathogenesis and HIV metabolic disorders. This review finally calls for future studies to focus on interrogating the mechanism of host-gut microbiome interaction in relation to HIV and HIV comorbidities by using multiomics approaches and on geographically diverse populations.