Quantitative Variations of Intracellular Microcystin-LR, -RR and -YR in Samples Collected from Four Locations in Hartbeespoort Dam in North West Province (South Africa) During the 2010/2011 Summer Season

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dc.contributor.authorMbukwa, Elbert A.
dc.contributor.authorMsagati, Titus A. M.
dc.contributor.authorMamba, Bhekie B.
dc.date.accessioned2016-06-15T20:52:57Z
dc.date.available2016-06-15T20:52:57Z
dc.date.issued2012
dc.description.abstractAbstract: The Hartbeespoort (HBP) Dam is a reservoir used for agricultural, domestic supply of raw potable water and recreational activities in South Africa’s North-West Province. Eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms have long been a cause of water-quality problems in this reservoir. The most prevalent bloom-forming species is Microcystis aeruginosa, often producing the toxin microcystin, a hepatotoxin which can negatively impact aquatic animal and human health, and poses a problem for potable water supply. Algal samples were collected monthly from four pre-determined sites in the dam during the summer months (December 2010–March 2011). Intracellular microcystins (MCs) were extracted using SPE C18 cartridges, followed by separation, identification and quantification using LC-ESI-MS techniques. Quantitative variation studies of MCs were conducted with respect to MC congener isolated, sampling site and month. Three main MC congeners (MC-RR, -LR and-YR) were isolated, identified and quantified. In addition, three minor MCs (MC-WR, MC-(H4)YR and (D-Asp3, Dha7)MC-RR were also identified, but were not quantified. The MC dominance followed the order MC-RR>MC-LR>MC-YR across all sites and time. The maximum and minimum concentrations were 268 µg/g and 0.14 µg/g DW for MC-RR and MC-YR, respectively, of the total MCs quantified from this study. One-way ANOVA showed that there were no significant differences between average MC concentrations recorded across months (P = 0.62), there was, however, a marginally-significant difference in concentrations among MC congeners (P = 0.06). ANCOVA revealed a highly significant interaction between sites and MC congeners on MC concentration (P < 0.001).en_US
dc.identifier.citationMbukwa, E.A., Msagati, T.A. and Mamba, B.B., 2012. Quantitative variations of intracellular microcystin-LR,-RR and-YR in samples collected from four locations in Hartbeespoort Dam in North West Province (South Africa) during the 2010/2011 summer season. International journal of environmental research and public health, 9(10), pp.3484-3505.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijerph9103484
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11810/2476
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectSummeren_US
dc.subjectHartbeespoort Damen_US
dc.subjectDry weight (DW)en_US
dc.subjectQuantitative LC-ESI-MSen_US
dc.subjectIntracellular variationsen_US
dc.subjectMicrocystin-RRen_US
dc.titleQuantitative Variations of Intracellular Microcystin-LR, -RR and -YR in Samples Collected from Four Locations in Hartbeespoort Dam in North West Province (South Africa) During the 2010/2011 Summer Seasonen_US
dc.typeJournal Article, Peer Revieweden_US
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