The ~4-ka Rungwe Pumice (South-Western Tanzania): A wind-Still Plinian Eruption

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dc.contributor.authorFontijn, Karen
dc.contributor.authorErnst, Gerald G. J.
dc.contributor.authorBonadonna, Costanza
dc.contributor.authorElburg, Marlina A.
dc.contributor.authorMbede, Evelyne I.
dc.contributor.authorJacobs, Patric
dc.date.accessioned2016-09-21T16:59:29Z
dc.date.available2016-09-21T16:59:29Z
dc.date.issued2011-05
dc.descriptionFull text can be accessed at http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00445-011-0486-8en_US
dc.description.abstractThe ~4-ka trachytic Rungwe Pumice (RP) deposit from Rungwe Volcano in South-Western Tanzania is the first Plinian-style deposit from an African volcano to be closely documented focusing on its physical characterization. The RP is a mostly massive fall deposit with an inversely graded base. Empirical models suggest a maximum eruption column height HT of 30.5–35 km with an associated peak mass discharge rate of 2.8–4.8 × 108 kg/s. Analytical calculations result in HT values of 33 ± 4 km (inversion of TEPHRA2 model on grain size data) corresponding to mass discharge ranging from 2.3 to 6.0 × 108 kg/s. Lake-core data allow extrapolation of the deposit thinning trend far beyond onland exposures. Empirical fitting of thickness data yields volume estimates between 3.2 and 5.8 km3 (corresponding to an erupted mass of 1.1–2.0 × 1012 kg), whereas analytical derivation yields an erupted mass of 1.1 × 1012 kg (inversion of TEPHRA2 model). Modelling and dispersal maps are consistent with nearly no-wind conditions during the eruption. The plume corner is estimated to have been ca. 11–12 km from the vent. After an opening phase with gradually increasing intensity, a high discharge rate was maintained throughout the eruption, without fountain collapse as is evidenced by a lack of pyroclastic density current deposits.en_US
dc.identifier.citationFontijn, K., Ernst, G.G., Bonadonna, C., Elburg, M.A., Mbede, E. and Jacobs, P., 2011. The~ 4-ka Rungwe Pumice (South-Western Tanzania): a wind-still Plinian eruption. Bulletin of volcanology, 73(9), pp.1353-1368.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00445-011-0486-8
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11810/4094
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectRungween_US
dc.subjectTanzaniaen_US
dc.subjectPlinian eruptionsen_US
dc.subjectPhysical characterizationen_US
dc.subjectEruptive parametersen_US
dc.subjectWind-free conditionsen_US
dc.subjectTrachyteen_US
dc.titleThe ~4-ka Rungwe Pumice (South-Western Tanzania): A wind-Still Plinian Eruptionen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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