Standardizing defluoridation of community waters using bone char

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dc.contributor.authorGodfrey K. Mbabaye, Felix Mtalo, Rwaichi J. A. Minja and Isack Legonda
dc.date.accessioned2018-08-12T08:12:36Z
dc.date.available2018-08-12T08:12:36Z
dc.date.issued2017-01
dc.description.abstractDifferent bone char (BC) preparation methods affect the physical chemical properties and therefore the capacity to remove fluoride. Fluoride removal capacities of BC prepared at three controlled temperatures, with particle grain sizes of 250–500 μm, 500–1,000 μm and 1,000–1,800 μm were determined in column experiments with an initial fluoride concentration of 8.55 mg/L. The sorbent was calcined at 400W C, 500W C and 600W C. BC calcined at 400W C had better fluoride removal performance compared to those calcined at 500W C and 600W C due to decreased pore volume and surface area as the calcination temperature was increased. There was a reduced mass transfer effect to the adsorption sites in pores as the BC particle size was increased. The equilibrium adsorptions Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were tested. For the Langmuir equilibrium adsorption isotherm, maximum monolayer coverage (Q) was determined to be 3.512 mg/g, and the value of the separation factor (r) obtained was 0.1394 indicating favorable adsorption as it lies between 0 and 1. The Freundlich governing equilibrium adsorption isotherm model gave a value of 1/n equal to 0.445. This indicates a favorable adsorption process, since the bond energies increase with surface density of the adsorbent.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe Royal Society of London through Leverhulme Royal Society African Award Scheme. The sponsors did not have any involvement in the research design, execution and data analysis nor in the preparation and submission of this paper.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.2166/aqua.2017.056
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11810/4743
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherJournal of Water Supply: Research and Technology—AQUA | 66.2 | 2017en_US
dc.subjectadsorption isotherms, bone char, defluoridation, Freundlich isotherms, Langmuir isotherm, pore surface areaen_US
dc.titleStandardizing defluoridation of community waters using bone charen_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
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