Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation

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Browsing Department of Zoology and Wildlife Conservation by Subject "Aloe secundiflora"

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    Antiviral Activity of the Crude Extracts and Phytochemical Fractions of Aloe Secundiflora against Newcastle Disease Virus
    (2005) Waihenya, R. K.; Keriko, J. M.; Mtambo, M. M. A.; Nkwengulila, Gamba; Kayser, O.; Hafez, H. M.
    Crude extract of Aloe secundiflora (Aloeaceae), and three phytochemical (HPLC) fractions containing the major phenolic compounds were investigated for their effects on Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in embryonated specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken eggs. The three fractions used contained the major peaks within which the main compounds had been identified as aloenin, aloin and an aloinoside derivatives. The crude Aloe extract at 400 mg/ml exhibited antiviral effects at 100%, While 200 mg/ml resulted to 30% reduction in viral multiplication. Fraction containing aloenin (4 mg/ml = 4000 ppm) also showed 100% reduction effects of viral multiplication on NDV in nineday old embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). Fraction containing aloin (4 mg/ml = 4000 ppm) exhibited 50% reduction of viral multiplication while the fraction containing aloinside showed 70% reduction effects. The results of the study provided a justification on the ethnoveterinary use of the exudate in the prophylaxis / control of Newcastle Disease Virus.
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    Efficacy of crude extract of Aloe secundiflora against Salmonella gallinarum in experimentally infected free-range chickens in Tanzania
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2002) Waihenya, R.K.; Mtambo, M.M.A.; Nkwengulila, Gamba; Minga, U.M.
    The ethnoveterinary use of Aloe species extract in free-range local chickens against fowl typhoid was investigated. Five-months-old local chickens, free of antibodies against fowl typhoid were used. The chickens were randomly assorted into five groups including pretreated and infected (G1, n=21), infected and untreated (G2, n=21), infected and treated (G3, n=21), untreated and uninfected (G4, n=10) and treated uninfected (G5, n=10). Groups 1, 2 and 3 were inoculated with 5.0×108 c.f.u/ml of Salmonella gallinarum, following which the chickens were monitored for 15 days. There was a delay on the occurrence of the clinical signs and reduced severity of the disease in the Aloe treated chickens (G1 and G3). The mortality rates were 23.8% (5/21) in G1 (pretreated and infected), 42.8% (9/21) in G2 (infected and untreated) and 14.2% (3/21) in G3 (infected and treated). Antibody levels were raised among the infected and untreated group (G2) while they remained relatively low in the Aloe treated groups (G1 and G3). However, there was a sharp increase in the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the Aloe treated groups (G1 and G3) as compared to the untreated group (G2) until day 9 post-infection. The results of this work indicate that the extract of Aloe secundiflora may be used in the control of fowl typhoid in chickens. Studies to determine the active ingredients of the plant extract are in progress
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    Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Crude Extract of Aloe Secundiflora in Chickens Experimentally Infected with Newcastle Disease Virus
    (Elsevier, 2002) Waihenya, R.K.; Mtambob, M.M.A.; Nkwengulila, Gamba
    Two replicate experiments were carried out to verify the efficacy of Aloe species (Aloaceae) as used for the control of Newcastle disease (ND) in rural poultry in free-range systems among several communities in Tanzania. Four months old local chickens free of Newcastle disease antibodies were used. Following inoculation with ND virus, body weights, clinical signs, antibody levels and mortality were monitored. Results showed that there was reduced mortality rate and the severity of clinical signs during the acute phase of the infection in Aloe treated chickens compared with the non-treated ones. However, there was no significant effect of the Aloe on the antibody levels that were attributed to the recovery of the surviving chickens. The findings of this study suggest that Aloe secundiflora could be a potential candidate on the management of Newcastle disease in chickens. Further studies are in progress to identify the active ingredients of A. secundiflora against Newcastle disease virus.