Browsing by Author "Zacharia, Abdallah"

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    Predictors for the uptake of optimal doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy in Tanzania: further analysis of the data of the 2015–2016 Tanzania demographic and health survey and malaria indicator survey
    (Springer Nature, 2021-12-06) Mushi, Vivian; Mbotwa, Christopher H; Zacharia, Abdallah; Ambrose, Theresia; Moshi, Fabiola V
    Background In Tanzania, the uptake of optimal doses (≥ 3) of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria (IPTp-SP) during pregnancy has remained below the recommended target of 80%. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the predictors for the uptake of optimal IPTp-SP among pregnant women in Tanzania. Methods This study used data from the 2015–16 Tanzania demographic and health survey and malaria indicator survey (TDHS-MIS). The study had a total of 4111 women aged 15 to 49 who had live births 2 years preceding the survey. The outcome variable was uptake of three or more doses of IPTp-SP, and the independent variables were age, marital status, education level, place of residence, wealth index, occupation, geographic zone, parity, the timing of first antenatal care (ANC), number of ANC visits and type of the health facility for ANC visits. Predictors for the optimal uptake of IPTp-SP were assessed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Results A total of 327 (8%) women had optimal uptake of IPTp-SP doses. Among the assessed predictors, the following were significantly associated with optimal uptake of IPTp-SP doses; education level [primary (AOR: 2.2, 95% CI 1.26–3.67); secondary or higher education (AOR: 2.1, 95% CI 1.08–4.22)], attended ANC at the first trimester (AOR: 2.4, 95% CI 1.20–4.96), attended ≥ 4 ANC visits (AOR: 1.9, 95% CI 1.34–2.83), attended government health facilities (AOR: 1.5, 95% CI 1.07–1.97) and geographic zone [Central (AOR: 5, 95% CI 2.08–11.95); Southern Highlands (AOR: 2.8, 95% CI 1.15–7.02); Southwest Highlands (AOR: 2.7, 95% CI 1.03–7.29); Lake (AOR: 3.5, 95% CI 1.51–8.14); Eastern (AOR: 1.5, 95% CI 1.88–11.07)]. Conclusions The uptake of optimal IPTp-SP doses is still low in Tanzania. The optimal uptake of IPTp-SP was associated with attending ANC in the first trimester, attending more than four ANC visits, attending government health facility for ANC, having primary, secondary, or higher education level, and geographic zone. Therefore, there is a need for health education and behavior change interventions with an emphasis on the optimal use of IPTp-SP doses.
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    Preliminary in vivo antitrypanosomal activity and cytotoxicity of Entada abyssinica, Securinega virosa and Ehretia amoena
    (African Journals OnLine (AJOL), 2014) Sempombe, Joseph; Mugoyela, Veronica; Mihale, Matobola Joel; Zacharia, Abdallah; Ipagala, Pius; Kilulya, Kessy Fidel
    Entada abyssinica, Securinega virosa and Ehretia amoena are traditionally used in Southern Uganda to treat Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT). Extracts from the roots and root barks of E. abyssinica, S. virosa and E. amoena were investigated for in vivo antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei in mice. The extracts were also tested in vitro for potential cytotoxicity against a 3-cell line panel consisting of TK10 (renal), UACC62 (melanoma) and MCF7 (breast) cancer cells using the highly sensitive Sulforhodamine B assay. The ethanolic extract from the roots of E. abyssinica showed a reduction of T. b. brucei parasitaemia at a single dose of 400 mg/kg. The petroleum ether extract from the root bark of E. abyssinica showed the highest cytotoxicity with GI50, total growth inhibition, LC50 and LC100 values of less than 6.25 µg/ml. Our findings confirm earlier in vitro antitrypanosomal studies and lend credence to the traditional use of these plants against trypanosomiasis.