Browsing by Author "Tumbo, Madaka"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Assessment of Difusion of Best Environmental Management Practices in Tanzania
    (2011) Tumbo, Madaka; Chacha, Nyangi
    This study evaluated the extent of diffusion of best management practices (BMP) in some chemical industries in Dar es Salaam. The data were collected from ten (10) different chemical industries through structured questionnaires and observations. The data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.5. The Chi-square (χ 2 ) test at the 5% level of significance was frequently used to test the homogeneity or the significance of respondents (general managers, production managers and laboratory technicians) against several environmental aspects (variables). The findings indicate that most of the industrial staff are not aware of best management practices and the level of awareness did not differ (P>0.05) among respondents. Lack of information regarding BMP, inadequacy of pollution management training and lack of corporate environmental policy (CEP) were considered to be the major factors which contribute to low level of awareness among industrial employees. The study found further that lack of expertise hindered the formulation of CEP, implementation of cleaner production technologies and certification to ISO 14001. In order to comply with pollution prevention and control strategies, the study proposes and recommends the adoption of a BMP procedural model. This model includes strategies, practices and efforts that are intended to reduce environmental pollution (environmental best management practices) resulting from chemical industrial activities.
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    Climate, Water and Adaptation: Climate Related Projections on Future Water Resources and Human Adaptation in the Great Ruaha River Basin in Tanzania
    (2015) Thomsen, Torben B.; Liwenga, Emma; Pauline, Noah; Tumbo, Madaka; Osima, Sarah; Mpeta, Emmanual; Norbert, Joel; Stendel, Martin; Stisen, Simon; Villholth, Karen; D’haen, Sarah
    Main findings: - Temperatures will likely increase by 1-2 degrees by the middle of the century and 3-4 degrees by the end of the century. - A likely overall increase in precipitation and larger seasonal variation might lead to water related stress during a prolonged dry season and flood risks during the wet season. - The overall climate related effect on water resources is a status quo. - Increased rainy season rainfall offers opportunities for rain fed agriculture and water storage for hydro-power and irrigation. - Local governments are already effectively dealing with these climate related impacts. Assigning more responsibilities and capacities to LG can unlock great potential for adequately delivering locally diversified climate change adaptation.
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    Community Vulnerability and Adaptation to the Impacts of Climate Variability and Extremes on Simiyu Wetlands: The Case of Simiyu Wetlands, Lake Victoria Basin
    (2015) Tumbo, Madaka
    This study aimed at assessing community vulnerability and adaptation to the impact of climate variability and extremes on wetlands and its implication for livelihoods in Simiyu catchment, Southwest of Lake Victoria, Tanzania. The results of this study provide baseline information on vulnerability assessments and development of adaptation strategies in the country. Moreover this study will likely contribute significantly to similar future studies on other wetlands within Tanzania. Rainfall anomalies were used to characterise wet and dry seasons. Questionnaire surveys and focus group discussions were used to establish the impacts and coping strategies used during extreme events of floods and droughts. The results showed high rainfall fluctuations between seasons and from one year to the other. They further indicated that normally the October –November –December (OND) and March-April-May (MAM ) seasons do not have the same strength and sign of anomalies, that is there are seasonal variation within the same year. Communities living around the Simiyu wetlands are vulnerable to seasonal fluctuations as their socio-economic activities are highly dependent on rainfall since 87% of respondents practice rainfed agriculture. It is concluded that incidences of climate variations are increasing and have implications for livelihoods that depend on wetlands resources. The implication of these seasonal variations is the reduction in agricultural and livestock production. This has recently led to mixed croping along the wetlands and lake shores as a coping strategy. The responses of livestock keepers to seasonal variations in rainfall include holding vast and varied grazing grounds (transhumance) in order to ensure ownership of abundant grazing land.
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    Crisis in the wetlands: Combined stresses in a changing climate–Experience from Tanzania
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2012) Hamisia, Hamudu I.; Tumbo, Madaka; Kalumanga, Elikana; Yanda, Pius Z.
    Climate variability and change has led to multifaceted stresses and compounded socio-environmental problems. Using the example of Simiyu wetlands in Tanzania, this article analyses the complexity and inter-connectedness of climate-related mal-adaptation and coping strategies and their implications. Various study methods were used, including consultative meetings, stakeholders workshops, a literature review, household questionnaires and land use cover and change analysis. Reactive coping and adaptation strategies have resulted in increased risks to livelihoods and the environment. Responses to climate variability and change in the study are complex, leading to amplified chain reactions. Extreme weather events, particularly droughts, have led people and herds of livestock to migrate into the wetlands. Environmental degradation is alarming. More than 42 per cent of natural vegetation in the study area has been wiped out in a span of 15 years. As a result, poor people whose livelihoods derive from the wetlands have suffered. The present institutional arrangements have failed to integrate the community's coping and adaptation strategies into wetlands management. Emerging conflicts among wetland users are intensifying environmental and community risks. This article emphasizes that, in a changing climate, wetlands need to be managed through flexible institutional and management frameworks that cross sectoral boundaries and involve all affected parties
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    Interpolation of Daily Rain Gauge Data for Hydrological Modeling in Data Sparse Regions Using Pattern Information from Satellite Data
    (2015) Stisen, Simon; Tumbo, Madaka
    In order to cope with a severe reduction of the rain gauge network in the Great Ruaha River Basin over the past 30 years, an interpolation scheme using spatial patterns from satellite images as covariate has been evaluated. The regression based interpolation attempts to combine the advantages of accurate rainfall amounts from rain gauge records with the unique spatial pattern information obtained from satellite based rainfall estimates. A spatial pattern analysis reveals that the simple interpolation of the sparse current rain gauge network compares very poorly to the pattern originating from the much denser historic network. In contrast, the rainfall data sets that include patterns from satellite data show good correlation with the historic pattern. The evaluation based on hydrological modeling, showed similar and good performance for all rainfall products including rain gauge records, whereas the purely satellite based product performed poorly.
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    Interpreting Characteristic Drainage Timescale Variability across Kilombero Valley, Tanzania
    (2015) Lyon, Steve W.; Koutsouris, Alexander; Scheibler, Friedemann; Jarsjö, Jerker; Mbanguka, Rene; Tumbo, Madaka; Robert, Keven K.; Sharma, Asha N.; van der Velde, Ype
    We explore seasonal variability and spatiotemporal patterns in characteristic drainage timescale (K) estimated from river discharge records across the Kilombero Valley in central Tanzania. K values were determined using streamflow recession analysis with a Brutsaert–Nieber solution to the linearized Boussinesq equation. Estimated K values were variable, comparing between wet and dry seasons for the relatively small catchments draining upland positions. For the larger catchments draining through valley bottoms, K values were typically longer and more consistent across seasons. Variations in K were compared with long-term averaged, Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer-derived monthly evapotranspiration. Although the variations in K were potentially related to evapotranspiration, the influence of data quality and analysis procedure could not be discounted. As such, even though recession analysis offers a potential approach to explore aquifer release timescales and thereby gain insight to a region's hydrology to inform water resources management, care must be taken when interpreting spatiotemporal shifts in K in connection with process representation in regions like the Kilombero Valley
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    Review of Literature for a Climate Vulnerability Assessment in the RUMAKI Seascape, Tanzania
    (2015-04) Tumbo, Madaka; Mangora, Mwita M.; Pauline, Noah M.; Kuguru, Baraka
    WWF’s Coastal East Africa Initiative (CEAI) is an umbrella programme that provides regional strategic support to the work of WWF country offices in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique. The CEAI was launched in 2010 and has a technical team based in Dar es Salaam. Priority areas of work include: v Natural resources governance in nine priorities landscapes & seascapes (see Fig.1.1 below) v Governance of Western Indian Ocean tuna fisheries v Fisheries certification, especially shrimp fisheries in Mozambique v Africa-China natural resources trade, especially timber v Climate change adaptation Within the CEAI, the climate change adaptation programme was initiated early in 2011 and aims to ensure that WWF’s conservation programme in coastal Eastern Africa recognizes and addresses the impacts of global climate change on priority ecosystems, and on communities that depend on them. In particular, during the period 2012 – 2015 the CEAI is supporting five priority landscapes to undertake climate change vulnerability assessments and to develop and implement climate change adaptation strategies, where possible integrated into existing or new natural resources management strategies and plans.
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    Uncertain Hydrological Modelling: Application of the Pitman Model in the Great Ruaha River Basin, Tanzania
    (Taylor and Francis, 2015) Tumbo, Madaka; Hughes, D. A.
    Uncertainty analysis has become the standard approach to hydrological modelling, but has yet to be effectively used in practical water resources assessment. This study of the Great Ruaha River basin in Tanzania is based on the use of regional estimates of mean runoff, groundwater recharge and three flow points on flow duration curves (FDCs) to constrain ensemble outputs from the Pitman monthly model using Monte Carlo parameter sampling. The constraint bounds were quantified from gauged data available for 26 sub-basins together with assumptions about the spatial variations in hydrological response using limited physical sub-basin property and climate data. The results are encouraging in that the simulated FDC ranges bracket the observed curves at two gauging stations downstream of many ungauged sub-basins that are important sites for water resources development decision making. Further work is required to refine the constraint bounds, the input parameter sets and climate data and achieve a more robust model of the basin.