Research Repository :: Browsing by Author "Trojer, Lena"

Browsing by Author "Trojer, Lena"

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Broadband Access Technologies for Rural Connectivity in Developing Countries
(International Journal of Research and Reviews in Computer Science (IJRRCS), 2011-04) Simba, Fatuma; Trojer, Lena; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari; Mvungi, Nerey; Mjema, Emannuel
Rural areas especially those of the developing countries provide challenging environment to implement communication infrastructure for data and Internet based services. The main challenges are the high cost of network implementation and lack of customer base, as rural areas are characterized by low income, highly scattered and low population density. This situation drives network operators to establish network infrastructures in urban/city centers leaving rural areas as underserved community. This paper surveys the available connectivity technologies with potentials to offer broadband access network to rural areas. The scope of this survey is on wireless access technologies, due to the fact that they are efficient in terms of cost, timeof deployment and network management for rural environment. We provide comparison of the surveyed technologies in terms oftheir capacity (data rates) and coverage. We also discuss the current deployment of WiMAX and 3G technologies in Africa, which is a home to most of the developing countries. The survey results indicate potential broadband access technologies for rural areas of the developing countries.
An Interactive e-Learning Management System (e-LMS): A Solution to Tanzanian Secondary Schools' Education
(2008-01) Kalinga, Ellen A.; Bagile, Burchard B.; Trojer, Lena
Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) has been integrated in education in many developing and developed countries alike, but the use of ICT in Tanzanian schools is dismal. Many Tanzanian secondary schools have no computers. The few schools with computers use them primarily for secretarial services and computer literacy training. The Tanzanian education system at other levels like secondary school level has to undergo substantial transformation, underscored by the growing application of new information and communication technology. This paper presents the e-readiness survey result from secondary schools in Tanzania. The paper also suggests how Tanzania can make use of the few present ICT resources to support and improve teaching and learning functions to improve performance and acquisition of knowledge by using e-Learning Management System (e-LMS).
Major Observations, Lessons and Recommendations
(2004) Mwamila, Burton; Diyamett, Bitrina; Temu, Abraham K.; Trojer, Lena; Bångens, Lennart
Overview of Broadband Connectivity for Rural Areas-Tanzania as a Case Study
(International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS),Vol. 15, No. 4, April 2017, 2017-04) Simba, Fatuma; Zaipuna, Yonah; Trojer, Lena; Byanyuma, Mastidia
Broadband connectivity is a necessary service required not only in urban areas but more so in rural areas where most of the basic services are inadequate or do not exist at all. Broadband services can enable many services to be offered through information and communication technologies (ICTs) to the extent that rural people can get a chance to enjoy quality communication and other services as in urban areas and be part of the socio-economic development of a given community. Currently, there is a number of technologies and initiatives to connect rural and urban-underserved areas at a reasonable cost but most of the rural users are yet to be connected. This paper gives an overview and a discussion on technologies, broadband connectivity models, infrastructure and policy readiness, and initiatives towards achieving connectivity and bridging the digital divide. The context of this paper is rural areas in Tanzania.
Performance Evaluation of e-Learning Applications in UMTS Network
(International Journal of Computer Applications, 2018-05) Simba, Fatuma; Trojer, Lena; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari
The aim of this paper is to study the effect of traffic differentiation and priority scheduling in providing Quality of Service (QoS) for e-learning applications in Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) networks. A simulation model of the UMTS network has been developed and used to study performance of e-learning applications as perceived by users. Priority scheduling is used to prioritize traffic between e-learning and other conventional users according to their QoS requirements. Simulation results show that a UMTS network configured with traffic differentiation and priority scheduling can deliver e-learning services with page response time of less than 4 seconds. This performance is within the acceptable values of web-based applications quality of service.
Rural Connectivity Technologies Cost Analysis
(World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2009) Simba, Fatuma; Trojer, Lena; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari; Mvungi, Nerey; Mjema, Emannuel
Rural areas of Tanzania are still disadvantaged in terms of diffusion of IP-based services; this is due to lack of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructures, especially lack of connectivity. One of the limitations for connectivity problems in rural areas of Tanzania is the high cost to establish infrastructures for IP-based services [1-2]. However the cost of connectivity varies from one technology to the other and at the same time, the cost is also different from one operator (service provider) to another within the country. This paper presents development of software system to calculate cost of connectivity to rural areas of Tanzania. The system is developed to make an easy access of connectivity cost from different technologies and different operators. The development of the calculator follows the V-model software development lifecycle. The calculator is used to evaluate the economic viability of different technologies considered as being potential candidates to provide rural connectivity. In this paper, the evaluation is based on the techno-economic analysis approach.
Strategies for Connectivity Configuration to Access e-Learning Resources: Case of Rural Secondary Schools in Tanzania
(World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2009) Simba, Fatuma; Trojer, Lena; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari; Mvungi, Nerey; Mjema, Emannuel
In response to address different development challenges, Tanzania is striving to achieve its fourth attribute of the National Development Vision, i.e. to have a well educated and learned society by the year 2025. One of the most cost effective methods that can reach a large part of the society in a short time is to integrate ICT in education through e-learning initiatives. However, elearning initiatives are challenged by limited or lack of connectivity to majority of secondary schools, especially those in rural and remote areas. This paper has explores the possibility for rural secondary school to access online e-Learning resources from a centralized eLearning Management System (e-LMS). The scope of this paper is limited to schools that have computers irrespective of internet connectivity, resulting in two categories schools; those with internet access and those without. Different connectivity configurations have been proposed according to the ICT infrastructure status of the respective schools. However, majority of rural secondary schools in Tanzania have neither computers nor internet connection. Therefore this is a challenge to be addressed for the disadvantaged schools to benefit from e-Learning initiative
Strategies for Developing e-LMS for Tanzania Secondary Schools
(2011-10) Kalinga, Ellen A.; Bagile, Burchard B.; Trojer, Lena
Tanzania secondary schools in rural areas are geographically and socially isolated, hence face a number of problems in getting learning materials resulting in poor performance in National examinations. E-learning as defined to be the use of information and communication technology (ICT) for supporting the educational processes has motivated Tanzania to apply ICT in its education system. There has been effort to improve secondary school education using ICT through several projects. ICT for e-learning to Tanzania rural secondary school is one of the research projects conceived by the University of Dar-es-Salaam through its College of Engineering and Technology. The main objective of the project is to develop a tool to enable ICT support rural secondary school. The project is comprehensive with a number of components, one being development of e-learning management system (e-LMS) for Tanzania secondary schools. This paper presents strategies of developing e-LMS. It shows the importance of integrating action research methodology with the modeling methods as presented by model driven architecture (MDA) and the usefulness of Unified Modeling Language (UML) on the issue of modeling. The benefit of MDA will go along with the development based on software development life cycle (SDLC) process, from analysis and requirement phase through design and implementation stages as employed by object oriented system analysis and design approach. The paper also explains the employment of open source code reuse from open source learning platforms for the context sensitive development of the e-LMS for Tanzania secondary schools.
Sustainable Broadband Connectivity Model for Rural Areas of Tanzania
(frican Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. Vol 4, No. 2., 2012) Simba, Fatuma; Trojer, Lena; Zaipuna, Yonah
Some of the reasons for lack or limited Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure in rural areas of developing countries in general and Tanzania in particular, is high cost of establishing such infrastructures, lack of electrical energy and low ICT literacy. Public Private Peoples Partnership (PPPP) is recommended as a suitable model to implement sustainable ICT projects in rural areas. This paper surveys the availability of supporting environments for the provision of broadband rural connectivity: The surveyed environments include initiatives for ICT infrastructure development and institutional frameworks such as policies, strategies, legislations and regulations. The aim of the survey is to investigate the readiness of Tanzania tp deploy PPPP model for rural connectivity implementation. Furthermore, the paper proposed implementation strategies in order to adapt the PPPP model for sustainable broadband rural connectivity in Tanzania.
Techno-economic analysis of UMTS900 and UMTS2100 for rural connectivity in Tanzania
(IEEE Xplore, 2012) Simba, Fatuma; Trojer, Lena; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari; Mvungi, Nerey; Mjema, Emannuel
Rural areas of the developing countries lack Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructures such as access network, also known as last mile connectivity, to deliver ICT services. The lack of connectivity is due to high cost of implementing ICT infrastructures. Wireless technologies are envisioned as candidates for rural connectivity. They are not only easier and faster to deploy but also cheaper than the wired technologies. This paper presents a techno-economic analysis of two wireless technologies in Tanzania, called third generation (3G) implemented at 900MHz and at 2100MHz frequency bands. Objectives of techno-economic analysis are to investigate economic feasibility and to determine a cost effective option between the two connectivity options. Results show that, 3G at 900HMz is a feasible and cost - effective connectivity technology in Tanzania. These results can be generalized to other developing countries, since rural areas pose similar characteristics with regard to ICT infrastructure development
Utilization of Broadband Connectivity in Rural and Urban-Underserved Areas: The case of Selected Areas in Arusha-Tanzania
(International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems ISSN (2210-142X), 2018-03) Simba, Fatuma; Trojer, Lena; Zaipuna, Yonah; Byanyuma, Mastidia
Utilization is a key aspect in the management of any societal resource not only when it is scarce but in all cases to allow for optimum benefits to be accrued to everyone in the society. Internet bandwidth, which is a rare commodity especially in ru ral areas is hardly available where needed at the same cost and quality due to various reasons. Tanzania as a case study is among countries that have invested much in international, national and metro backbone networks, but still, there are areas without or with inadequate internet access services implying a significant utilization problem. In this paper, we present as a case study, the status of broadband connectivity in selected rural areas in Tanzania (Arusha) and the status is used to make recommendations for optimized utilization of installed capacity.

Browsing by Author "Trojer, Lena"

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