Browsing by Author "Stanley, William T."

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    The Ambangulu Forest, West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania: A Threatened Eastern Arc Forest. Oryx
    (1995-06) Goodman, Steven M.; Stanley, William T.; Newmark, William D.; Howell, Kim
    Ambangulu Forest is one of the few remaining tracts of natural forest between 800 and 1200 m in the West Usambara Mountains of Tanzania. It may be the biologically richest area in the region but it is threatened by illegal felling of timber trees, wind damage, grazing and browsing livestock, and collection of fuel-wood and building poles. A proposed project aims to protect the forest and benefit local people at the same time.
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    The biological importance of the Eastern Arc Mountain of Tanzania and Kenya
    (2007-01) Burgess, Neil D.; Butynski, Thomas M.; Cordeiro, Norbert J.; Doggart, Nike; Fjeldså, Jon; Howell, Kim; Kilahama, Felician B.; Loader, Simon; Lovett, Jon C.; Mbilinyi, Boniface P.; Menegon, Michele; Moyer, David; Nashanda, Evarist; Perkin, Andrew; Rovero, Francesco; Stanley, William T.; Stuart, Simon N.
    The Eastern Arc Mountains are renown in Africa for high concentrations of endemic species of animals and plants. Thirteen separate mountain blocks comprise the Eastern Arc, supporting around 3300 km2 of sub-montane, montane and upper montane forest, less than 30% of the estimated original forested area. At least 96 vertebrate species are endemic, split as follows: 10 mammal, 19 bird, 29 reptile and 38 amphibian species. This includes four endemic or nearly endemic species of primate – the Sanje Mangabey, the Iringa Red Colobus, the Mountain Galago and the new Kipunji monkey that forms its own monotypic genus. A further 71 vertebrate species are near-endemic. At least 800 vascular plant species are endemic, almost 10% of these being trees. These endemics include the majority of the species of African violet – Saintpaulia, a well-known flowering plant in Western households. An additional 32 species of bryophytes are also endemic. Many hundreds of invertebrates are also likely to be endemic, with data for butterflies, millipedes and dragonflies indicating potential trends in importance. Seventy-one of the endemic or near-endemic vertebrates are threatened by extinction (8 critical, 27 endangered, 36 vulnerable), with an additional seven wide ranging threatened species. Hundreds of plant species are also threatened. Most Eastern Arc endemics are closed-forest specialists and comprise taxa with an ancient history and those of more recent origin, including some possessing ancient affinities with taxa from West Africa, Madagascar, and even South America and Southeast Asia. Mountain block prioritisation for biodiversity conservation shows that Udzungwas, East Usambaras and Ulugurus are the most important blocks, with other important blocks being the Ngurus and West Usambaras. Rankings are correlated closely with the area of remaining forest. Most of the remaining forest is found within nearly 150 Government Forest Reserves, with 106 of these managed nationally for water catchment, biodiversity and soil conservation and where forest exploitation is not allowed. Outside these areas most forest has been cleared, except in small village burial/sacred sites, a few Village Forest Reserves, and inaccessible areas. In most Eastern Arc Mountains the local populations have not encroached beyond the reserve boundaries to develop farms, but forest resources within the boundaries are used for fuel and building materials and some forests are heavily degraded. Fire is also a problem as it enters and destroys forests during the dry seasons. The future of the biodiversity on the Eastern Arc Mountains is closely tied to management policies and capacity of the Tanzania Forestry and Beekeeping Division, Tanzania National Parks Authority, and Kenya Forest Department. Supporting these agencies in their mandated job is an essential conservation investment over the longer term.
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    Notes on the Ecology and Status of Some Forest Mammals in Four Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania
    (2004-12) Cordeiro, Norbert J.; Seddon, Nathalie; Capper, David R.; Ekstrom, Jonathan M. M.; Howell, Kim; Isherwood, Isabel S.; Msuya, Charles A.; Mushi, Jonas T.; Perkin, Andrew; Pople, Robert G.; Stanley, William T.
    From 1993 to 2000, observations were made of small to medium-sized mammals in seven poorly known submontane forest reserves and one village forest in the North Pare, South Pare, East Usambara and Nguu Mountains, Tanzania. Of 26 species recorded, three are Red-Listed as Threatened (Endangered: Zanj elephant shrew Rhynchocyon petersi; Vulnerable: red-bellied coast squirrel Paraxerus palliatus, and eastern tree hyrax Dendrohyrax validus) and five as Lower Risk (two dwarf galagos Galagoides spp., African buffalo Syncerus caffer, suni Neotragus moschatus, and Harvey's duiker Cephalophus harveyi). Most of our mammal records represent new distributions in the Eastern Arc Mountains, and one record of an unidentified squirrel in the Nguu Mountains is of conservation interest. Together with timber removal and cultivation, hunting appears to threaten the survival of mammals in these forests. There is an urgent need to establish long-term conservation programmes in these forests and more thorough surveys of mammals are necessary
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    Notes on the Ecology And Status of Some Forest Mammals In Four Eastern Arc Mountains, Tanzania
    (2004-12) Cordeiro, Norbert J.; Seddon, Nathalie; Capper, David R.; Ekstrom, Jonathan M. M.; Howell, Kim; Isherwood, Isabel S.; Msuya, Charles A.; Mushi, Jonas T.; Perkin, Andrew; Pople, Robert G.; Stanley, William T.
    From 1993 to 2000, observations were made of small to medium-sized mammals in seven poorly known submontane forest reserves and one village forest in the North Pare, South Pare, East Usambara and Nguu Mountains, Tanzania. Of 26 species recorded, three are Red-Listed as Threatened (Endangered: Zanj elephant shrew Rhynchocyon petersi; Vulnerable: red-bellied coast squirrel Paraxerus palliatus, and eastern tree hyrax Dendrohyrax validus) and five as Lower Risk (two dwarf galagos Galagoides spp., African buffalo Syncerus caffer, suni Neotragus moschatus, and Harvey's duiker Cephalophus harveyi). Most of our mammal records represent new distributions in the Eastern Arc Mountains, and one record of an unidentified squirrel in the Nguu Mountains is of conservation interest. Together with timber removal and cultivation, hunting appears to threaten the survival of mammals in these forests. There is an urgent need to establish long-term conservation programmes in these forests and more thorough surveys of mammals are necessary.
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    Results of a survey of small mammals in the Kwamgumi Forest Reserve, East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania
    (2004-12) Stanley, William T.; Rogers, Mary A.; Howell, Kim; Msuya, Charles A.
    The small mammals of Kwamgumi Forest Reserve, a habitat representing transition between coastal and Eastern Arc forest types, and one of the lower forest reserves of the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania, were sampled to gain a preliminary perspective on the diversity and abundance of the shrews, bats and rodents of this unique forest. While the species documented are reminiscent of those found at higher elevations in the East and West Usambara Mountains, the abundance of shrews and rodents, based on trap success, was much lower than in the montane forests of the Eastern Arc Mountains
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    Small Mammals Collected in the Udzungwa Mountains National Park, Tanzania
    (BioOne, 2005) Stanley, William T.; Nikundiwe, Alfeo M.; Mturi, Fatina A.; Kihaule, Philip M.; Moehlman, Patricia D.
    Small mammals were sampled in the Udzungwa Mountains National Park, Tanzania, during 1995 and 1996. Twenty-four species, representing 16 genera were recorded for three orders: Insectivora, Chiroptera and Rodentia. Identifications and natural history information are presented for this poorly known fauna from a unique Eastern Arc Mountains habitat.
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    A Survey of the Small Mammals of the Gonja Forest Reserve, Tanzania
    (2009-01) Stanley, William T.; Goodman, Steven M.; Kihaule, Philip M.; Howell, Kim
    Small mammals were surveyed in the lowland forest of the Gonja Forest Reserve of north-eastern Tanzania. In 565 trap-nights 10 rodents (three species) were captured. In 12.5 net hours 27 bats (11 species) were netted. Comparisons of similar surveys in nearby montane forests indicate a lower density and diversity of rodents and shrews in Gonja than in higher elevation habitats. Information is presented on external measurements, weight and reproductive condition of the specimens collected.
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    Surveys of Small mammals in Tarangire National Park, Tanzania
    (2007) Stanley, William T.; Rogers, Mary A.; Senzota, Ramadhani B. M.; Mturi, Fatina A.; Kihaule, Philip M.; Moehlman, Patricia D.; OConnor, Barry M.
    Small mammals were sampled in Tarangire National Park between 1994 and 1996. Twenty-six species of small mammals, including four species of Soricomorpha, seven species of Chiroptera and 15 species of Rodentia were documented, with some records being the first for the park. Identifications and natural history data (including a list of associated arthropods) are presented for each of the 26 species.