Research Repository :: Browsing by Author "Simba, Fatuma"

Browsing by Author "Simba, Fatuma"

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Broadband Access Technologies for Rural Connectivity in Developing Countries
(International Journal of Research and Reviews in Computer Science (IJRRCS), 2011-04) Simba, Fatuma; Trojer, Lena; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari; Mvungi, Nerey; Mjema, Emannuel
Rural areas especially those of the developing countries provide challenging environment to implement communication infrastructure for data and Internet based services. The main challenges are the high cost of network implementation and lack of customer base, as rural areas are characterized by low income, highly scattered and low population density. This situation drives network operators to establish network infrastructures in urban/city centers leaving rural areas as underserved community. This paper surveys the available connectivity technologies with potentials to offer broadband access network to rural areas. The scope of this survey is on wireless access technologies, due to the fact that they are efficient in terms of cost, timeof deployment and network management for rural environment. We provide comparison of the surveyed technologies in terms oftheir capacity (data rates) and coverage. We also discuss the current deployment of WiMAX and 3G technologies in Africa, which is a home to most of the developing countries. The survey results indicate potential broadband access technologies for rural areas of the developing countries.
Cost-Effective Mobile Based Learning Content Delivery in Resources and Network Constrained Environments
(Pan African International Conference on Information Science, Computing and Telecommunications, 2014) Simba, Fatuma; Mahenge, Michael; Mwangoka, Joseph
The advancement in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has brought opportunities for new ways of learning in Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) through e-learning systems. While these opportunities exist, e-learning contents delivery and accessibility in third world countries like Tanzania is still a challenge due to resource and network constrained environments. The challenges include: high cost of bandwidth connection and usage; high dependency on the Internet; limited mobility and portability features; inaccessibility during offline period and shortage of ICT facilities. So there is a need for a technology to bridge these gaps. This paper explores the opportunities brought by mobile technologies to find out a cost-effective solution for elearning content delivery and accessibility in HLIs of Tanzania. Specifically, the paper proposes a Cost-effective Mobile Based Learning Content Delivery approach for resource and network constrained environments. The proposed solution has the potential to reduce the cost of bandwidth usage, and cut down server’s workload and Internet usage overhead by synchronizing contents from a remote server to a local database in the user’s device for offline use. It will also improve the quality of experience and participation of learners as well as facilitate mobility and portability in learning activities
Developing Multimedia Enhanced Content to Raise HIV/AIDS Awareness to Children
(Published by Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019, 2019-05) Simba, Fatuma; Kalinga, Ellen; Makuru, Patricia
It is estimated that more than two-thirds (70%) of all the 35 million people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the world are in Sub-Saharan Africa. Tanzania as one of the country in sub-Sahara region is no exceptional, more than 60% of all new HIV infections in Tanzania occur among young people. While almost all children in Tanzania aged 15 years and below have heard about HIV/AIDS, less than half have enough knowledge to protect themselves against infections. It is known that HIV/AIDS is taught in primary schools, although majority of the pupils demonstrated a very low level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS. This raised a concern on the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS and life skills education in primary schools. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a great potential for HIV/AIDS education to children because they like and enjoy to use ICT resources for entertainment, learning, networking and communication. Hence, it is important to apply technology for educational in teaching HIV/AIDS through the use of multimedia contents in accordance to the local context of Tanzanian curriculum for primary schools. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to develop multimedia enhanced contents to raise HIV/AIDS awareness to children. ADDIE model, Adobe Flash Professional 5, Action Script programming language and articulate storyline2 authoring tool, were used in the development of multimedia enhanced contents. Results show that level of HIV/AIDS knowledge among pupils after using the interactive multimedia has been enhanced in the tested three knowledge areas (causes, prevention and effects). Results in this paper suggest that, multimedia enhanced contents can be used to complement text book based learning approach in enhancing HIV/AIDS awareness for children in primary schools in Tanzania.
Development of Extension Procedures to Enhance web-based e-Government System with SMS Mobile Based Service
(IST-Africa 2019 Conference Proceedings, 2019-05) Simba, Fatuma; Majaliwa, Aklan
Tanzania is among the African developing countries that has embraced egovernment in recent years. The continual rises of wireless mobile technology bring an attention to enhance e-government systems by extending some of the services to be accessed and delivered via a mobile phone. Due to lack of standard extension procedures each government institutions extends according to developer’s technical knowledge. The main objective of this paper is to develop extension procedures for enhancing web based e-government systems with a mobile service. In this study both exploratory and prototyping methods were used. Exploratory method was used during data collection. Prototyping was used during design and development of mgovernment service prototype. Web based e-Government systems in fourteen (14) Government departments, Ministries and Agencies were analyzed to identify a system for enhancement. Wananchi portal, under the Ministry of information, culture art and sports was selected. The selection criteria were the system that has direct interaction with citizens. During design and development of m-service prototype, several extension procedures and their interactions were observed and recorded; six (6) procedures were found relevant. Therefore, this paper proposes a six steps extension procedures from web based e-government to m-government. Clear understanding of the extension process will reduce development time and cost. Extending web based system with mobile services means extra services and hence more revenue to network and service providers. To the government, it means an added/alternative channel to service her citizens, and to the citizens, means readily accessible and responsive Government
Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Technologies
(World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2013) Mvungi, Nerey H.; Anatory, Justinian; Simba, Fatuma
Digital broadcasting has been an area of active research, development, innovation and business models development in recent years. This paper presents a survey on the characteristics of the digital terrestrial television broadcasting (DTTB) standards, and implementation status of DTTB worldwide showing the standards adopted. It is clear that only the developed countries and some in the developing ones shall be able to beat the ITU set analogue to digital broadcasting migration deadline because of the challenges that these countries faces in digitizing their terrestrial broadcasting. The challenges to keep on track the DTTB migration plan are also discussed in this paper. They include financial, technology gap, policies alignment with DTTB technology, etc. The reported performance comparisons for the different standards are also presented. The interesting part is that the results for many comparative studies depends to a large extent on the objective behind such studies, hence counter claims are common.
Overview of Broadband Connectivity for Rural Areas-Tanzania as a Case Study
(International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS),Vol. 15, No. 4, April 2017, 2017-04) Simba, Fatuma; Zaipuna, Yonah; Trojer, Lena; Byanyuma, Mastidia
Broadband connectivity is a necessary service required not only in urban areas but more so in rural areas where most of the basic services are inadequate or do not exist at all. Broadband services can enable many services to be offered through information and communication technologies (ICTs) to the extent that rural people can get a chance to enjoy quality communication and other services as in urban areas and be part of the socio-economic development of a given community. Currently, there is a number of technologies and initiatives to connect rural and urban-underserved areas at a reasonable cost but most of the rural users are yet to be connected. This paper gives an overview and a discussion on technologies, broadband connectivity models, infrastructure and policy readiness, and initiatives towards achieving connectivity and bridging the digital divide. The context of this paper is rural areas in Tanzania.
Performance Evaluation of e-Learning Applications in UMTS Network
(International Journal of Computer Applications, 2018-05) Simba, Fatuma; Trojer, Lena; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari
The aim of this paper is to study the effect of traffic differentiation and priority scheduling in providing Quality of Service (QoS) for e-learning applications in Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) networks. A simulation model of the UMTS network has been developed and used to study performance of e-learning applications as perceived by users. Priority scheduling is used to prioritize traffic between e-learning and other conventional users according to their QoS requirements. Simulation results show that a UMTS network configured with traffic differentiation and priority scheduling can deliver e-learning services with page response time of less than 4 seconds. This performance is within the acceptable values of web-based applications quality of service.
Preventing Utilization of Shared Network Resources by Detecting IP Spoofing Attacks through Validation of source IP Address
(IST-Africa 2018 Conference Proceedings, 2018-05) Simba, Fatuma; Lema, Hussein; Ally, Abdullah
Network intruders may spoof IP packets by modifying headers of the IP packets in order to fool people to believe that the transmissions are originating from trusted source. Consequently, various defencing mechanisms have been developed to identify and prevent IP spoofing attacks. However, most of them were implemented on either hosts or routers levels which utilizes a lot of shared resources on the networks during the attacking process. On the contrary, this paper proposes an algorithm for validating source IP address by using Layer Three Switches (L3S) in a Local Area Network (LAN), which means that the IP spoofing attacks will be identified and prevented without utilizing shared network resources. The study employed Mininet network emulator, POX controller, L3S, packets analyzer, and packet constructor to design and develop the algorithm. Results have shown that the algorithm was capable of detecting and preventing IP spoofed packets on LAN before L3S forward them to a target, and eventually an attacker was identified by using his/her MAC address.
Rural Connectivity Technologies Cost Analysis
(2009) Simba, Fatuma; Trojer, L.; Mvungi, Nerey H.; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari M. M.; Mjema, E.M.
Rural areas of Tanzania are still disadvantaged in terms of diffusion of IP-based services; this is due to lack of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructures, especially lack of connectivity. One of the limitations for connectivity problems in rural areas of Tanzania is the high cost to establish infrastructures for IP-based services [1-2]. However the cost of connectivity varies from one technology to the other and at the same time, the cost is also different from one operator (service provider) to another within the country. This paper presents development of software system to calculate cost of connectivity to rural areas of Tanzania. The system is developed to make an easy access of connectivity cost from different technologies and different operators. The development of the calculator follows the V-model software development lifecycle. The calculator is used to evaluate the economic viability of different technologies considered as being potential candidates to provide rural connectivity. In this paper, the evaluation is based on the techno-economic analysis approach.
Rural Connectivity Technologies Cost Analysis
(World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2009) Simba, Fatuma; Trojer, Lena; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari; Mvungi, Nerey; Mjema, Emannuel
Rural areas of Tanzania are still disadvantaged in terms of diffusion of IP-based services; this is due to lack of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructures, especially lack of connectivity. One of the limitations for connectivity problems in rural areas of Tanzania is the high cost to establish infrastructures for IP-based services [1-2]. However the cost of connectivity varies from one technology to the other and at the same time, the cost is also different from one operator (service provider) to another within the country. This paper presents development of software system to calculate cost of connectivity to rural areas of Tanzania. The system is developed to make an easy access of connectivity cost from different technologies and different operators. The development of the calculator follows the V-model software development lifecycle. The calculator is used to evaluate the economic viability of different technologies considered as being potential candidates to provide rural connectivity. In this paper, the evaluation is based on the techno-economic analysis approach.
Strategies for Connectivity Configuration to Access e-Learning Resources: Case of Rural Secondary Schools in Tanzania
(World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2009) Simba, Fatuma; Trojer, Lena; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari; Mvungi, Nerey; Mjema, Emannuel
In response to address different development challenges, Tanzania is striving to achieve its fourth attribute of the National Development Vision, i.e. to have a well educated and learned society by the year 2025. One of the most cost effective methods that can reach a large part of the society in a short time is to integrate ICT in education through e-learning initiatives. However, elearning initiatives are challenged by limited or lack of connectivity to majority of secondary schools, especially those in rural and remote areas. This paper has explores the possibility for rural secondary school to access online e-Learning resources from a centralized eLearning Management System (e-LMS). The scope of this paper is limited to schools that have computers irrespective of internet connectivity, resulting in two categories schools; those with internet access and those without. Different connectivity configurations have been proposed according to the ICT infrastructure status of the respective schools. However, majority of rural secondary schools in Tanzania have neither computers nor internet connection. Therefore this is a challenge to be addressed for the disadvantaged schools to benefit from e-Learning initiative
Strategies for Connectivity Configuration to Access e-Learning Resources: Case of Rural Secondary Schools in Tanzania
(World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2009) Simba, Fatuma; Trojer, L.; Mvungi, Nerey H.; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari M. M.; Mjema, E.M.
—In response to address different development challenges, Tanzania is striving to achieve its fourth attribute of the National Development Vision, i.e. to have a well educated and learned society by the year 2025. One of the most cost effective methods that can reach a large part of the society in a short time is to integrate ICT in education through e-learning initiatives. However, elearning initiatives are challenged by limited or lack of connectivity to majority of secondary schools, especially those in rural and remote areas. This paper has explores the possibility for rural secondary school to access online e-Learning resources from a centralized eLearning Management System (e-LMS). The scope of this paper is limited to schools that have computers irrespective of internet connectivity, resulting in two categories schools; those with internet access and those without. Different connectivity configurations have been proposed according to the ICT infrastructure status of the respective schools. However, majority of rural secondary schools in Tanzania have neither computers nor internet connection. Therefore this is a challenge to be addressed for the disadvantaged schools to benefit from e-Learning initiatives.
Sustainable Broadband Connectivity Model for Rural Areas of Tanzania
(frican Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development. Vol 4, No. 2., 2012) Simba, Fatuma; Trojer, Lena; Zaipuna, Yonah
Some of the reasons for lack or limited Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure in rural areas of developing countries in general and Tanzania in particular, is high cost of establishing such infrastructures, lack of electrical energy and low ICT literacy. Public Private Peoples Partnership (PPPP) is recommended as a suitable model to implement sustainable ICT projects in rural areas. This paper surveys the availability of supporting environments for the provision of broadband rural connectivity: The surveyed environments include initiatives for ICT infrastructure development and institutional frameworks such as policies, strategies, legislations and regulations. The aim of the survey is to investigate the readiness of Tanzania tp deploy PPPP model for rural connectivity implementation. Furthermore, the paper proposed implementation strategies in order to adapt the PPPP model for sustainable broadband rural connectivity in Tanzania.
Techno-economic analysis of UMTS900 and UMTS2100 for rural connectivity in Tanzania
(IEEE Xplore, 2012) Simba, Fatuma; Trojer, Lena; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari; Mvungi, Nerey; Mjema, Emannuel
Rural areas of the developing countries lack Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructures such as access network, also known as last mile connectivity, to deliver ICT services. The lack of connectivity is due to high cost of implementing ICT infrastructures. Wireless technologies are envisioned as candidates for rural connectivity. They are not only easier and faster to deploy but also cheaper than the wired technologies. This paper presents a techno-economic analysis of two wireless technologies in Tanzania, called third generation (3G) implemented at 900MHz and at 2100MHz frequency bands. Objectives of techno-economic analysis are to investigate economic feasibility and to determine a cost effective option between the two connectivity options. Results show that, 3G at 900HMz is a feasible and cost - effective connectivity technology in Tanzania. These results can be generalized to other developing countries, since rural areas pose similar characteristics with regard to ICT infrastructure development
Utilization of Broadband Connectivity in Rural and Urban-Underserved Areas: The case of Selected Areas in Arusha-Tanzania
(International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems ISSN (2210-142X), 2018-03) Simba, Fatuma; Trojer, Lena; Zaipuna, Yonah; Byanyuma, Mastidia
Utilization is a key aspect in the management of any societal resource not only when it is scarce but in all cases to allow for optimum benefits to be accrued to everyone in the society. Internet bandwidth, which is a rare commodity especially in ru ral areas is hardly available where needed at the same cost and quality due to various reasons. Tanzania as a case study is among countries that have invested much in international, national and metro backbone networks, but still, there are areas without or with inadequate internet access services implying a significant utilization problem. In this paper, we present as a case study, the status of broadband connectivity in selected rural areas in Tanzania (Arusha) and the status is used to make recommendations for optimized utilization of installed capacity.

Browsing by Author "Simba, Fatuma"

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