Browsing by Author "Shishira, E. K."
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Item Declining Soil Fertility: A Challenge For Sustainable Productivity of Land Under Cashew Farms, Southern Areas Of Tanzania(Journal of Tanzania Geographical Association, 2001) Majule, Amos; Shishira, E. K.; Yanda, Pius Z.Item Developments in Soil Conservation in Tanzania(1987) Kauzeni, Athanas S.; Kikula, Idris S.; Shishira, E. K.Item Forestry conservation and resource utilisation on the southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro: trends, conflicts and resolutions.(Dar es Salaam University Press (DUP), 2001) Shishira, E. K.; Yanda, Pius Z.Analysis of land cover and land use changes, using aerial photos taken in 1952 and 1982, demonstrates that the area coverage of the natural forest on the southern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, north-eastern Tanzania, has decreased by about 41 km2. Some areas which were under natural forest in 1952 were under cultivation or degraded types of vegetation in 1982. The most affected areas are located along the edges of the forest reserve. Forest degradation prior to 1952 was mainly due to timber harvesting by big companies. Recent observations showed that population increase in the area has enhanced pressure on the forest through activities such as charcoal making and collection of various products (building poles, fuelwood, fodder). Illegal timber harvesting is common within the forest reserve. Vegetation degradation has caused soil erosion and general land degradation in some parts of the study area. There are 2 categories of forest reserves; the catchment forest and the productive zone. The catchment forest, aimed at conservation, is managed directly by the state. The productive zone (buffer zone) is a 0.5-mile strip along the southern and eastern edge of the forest where local people can harvest products (fuelwood, animal fodder, building poles, wood). The catchment forest and 0.5-mile strip have been under different management systems with varying objectives, some of which enhanced degradation.Item Land degradation in Tanzania: perception from the village(1997) Dejene, A.; Shishira, E. K.Local land users often have different perception and responses than officials to the land degradation problem. This has resulted in conflict with officials in diagnosing and solving the problem and is a major constraint to the successful implementation of polices and projects to address land degradation. The study’s finding underscore that sustainable use of land resource and successful policies and programs require appropriate enabling policies and institutional arrangements to encourage intensification of smaller holder farming system. Policies would also require incorporating proven indigenous practices and knowledge into technical approaches, and ensuring local participation in decision makingItem Landform, Soils and Erosion in the North-Eastern Irangi Hills, Kondoa, Tanzania(Wiley, 1992) Payton, R. W.; Christiansson, C.; Shishira, E. K.; Yanda, Pius Z.; Eriksson, M. G.The northern eastern Iringa Hills of the Kondoa District, Tanzania are severely affected by soil erosion with consequent land degradation caused by the loss of productive soil, gullying, sand deposition on lower slopes, and rapid siltation of lakes. Major changes in land surface morphology and soil characteristics have drasticallyaltered the pattern of cultivation and settlement. A knowledge of soil and environmental conditions that existed prior to the phase of modern accelerated erosion in fundamental to the accurate assessment of land degradation processes, the extent of soil erosion and sedimentation, and the degree and sustainability of land recovery. This paper integrated the results of recent field-based geomorphological, pedological, and sedimentological studies in the Haubi and Mwisanga catchments. Landform, soil toposequences and recent colluvial and alluvial deposits are described in relation to erosion features, the dynamics vegetation/land use changes and the development of Lake Haubi. Modification of the pre-existing soil landscape by accelerated erosional and depositional process is discussed.Item Landscape Evolution in the Kondoa Irangi Hills, Central Tanzania(2004) Shishira, E. K.; Yanda, Pius Z.Item Landscape Vulnerability in the Kondoa Irangi Hills, Central Tanzania(2004) Shishira, E. K.; Yanda, Pius Z.Item Participatory Development of Sustainable Soil Fertility Management Practices through Innovative Training, South eastern, Tanzania(2008) Majule, Amos; Shishira, E. K.The study was implemented in three districts of Masasi, Newala in Mtwara region as well as in Nachigwea district in Lindi regions, where soil fertility is one of the major constraints to crop production. The overall objective of the research was to develop sustainable soil fertility management practices using participatory and innovative research and training approaches. This was achieved through training followed by field demonstration of selected practices which was undertaken by the farmers during one growing season. Practices selected for evaluation across districts and villages were: Control (without fertilizer source); Wood Ash (WA); Minjingu Mazao Rock Phosphate (MMRP); and Farm Yard Manure (FYM) applications in either flat bed or ridge cultivation. Maize crop was used as a test crop using ‘Taxepeno’ and ‘Staha’ varieties. During the growing period, farmers observed plant growth rates and maturity periods per treatments, while researchers measured plant heights and maize weights per plant. The results showed that in most sites, MMRP was able to perform better in terms of growth rates and plant maturity followed by FYM. Researchers’ evaluation indicated that a maximum average plant height of 4.18 m was reached with application of MMRP, while 2.20 m per plant was reached in the Control, suggesting positive impact of MMRP. Maize plant weight was also the highest with application of MMRP followed by FYM, whereby the highest weights of 3.60 and 0.75 kg/plant were observed in MMRP and Control treatments respectively. The overall performance were in MMRP>FYM>WA>Control order. Based on both farmers evaluation and researchers and stakeholders views, MMRP and FYM were both recommended for further dissemination.Item Peoples' response to diminishing natural resource base in the pare-Usambara area, North Eastern Tanzania(Scientific Research and Essay, 2009-12) Yanda, Pius Z.; Shishira, E. K.The livelihoods of most people in developing countries depend on direct utilization of natural resources surrounding them. Sometimes circumstances arise be it natural or of their own making that impact negatively or positively on the level of the natural resources availability. Under such circumstances, human beings, try to device means of coping with the change. It is important to learn and document how different communities cope with changing environment so that appropriate policies may be formulated. The underlying hypothesis is that in a geographical area consisting of varying potentials, people would naturally tend to exploit first, areas where they will gain more productivity with minimum investment. Then they would move towards the marginal areas with delicate environmental balance as resources become depleted in the formally high potential areas. This phenomenon is exami-ned in the Pare-Usambara area of northeastern Tanzania where highlands are highly endowed with natural resources and are surrounded by marginally endowed lowlands on the westItem Problems and Opportunities for Agricultural Development in Kisarawe District, Tanzania(1988) Shishira, E. K.; Shechambo, Fanuel C.; Sosovele, HusseinItem Spatial variability in soil management, local soil knowledge and soil erosion in the degraded Irangi Hills, central Tanzania(2001) Kangalawe, Richard Y. M.; Payton, R. W; Shishira, E. K.; Christiansson, C.Item Survey and Mapping of Land use/cover and Erosion hazards in Lake Victoria Basin(2001) Yanda, Pius Z.; Shishira, E. K.; Madulu, F. N.; Kauzeni, Athanas S.Item Vegetation dynamics and management implications in the Pugu and Kazimzumbwi Forest Reserves, Tanzania(Akadémiai Kiadó, 1998) Shishira, E. K.; Yanda, Pius Z.; Lyimo, J.This study examines spatial and temporal dynamics of land cover in the Pugu and Kazimzumbwi forest reserve region of Tanzania. Cultivation and harvesting of forest products are the main factors affecting the vegetation. These factors are more pronounced in the eastern and northern parts of the forest reserves. Elsewhere, notably in the western parts of the reserves, there has been substantial recovery of vegetation. This is particularly apparent in areas of where depopulation oc- curred following the 'villagisation' program of the 1970's. Although most of the vegetation change occurred outside of the forest reserves, increasing population pressure around the forest reserves will likely lead to encroachment into the forest reserves proper.