Browsing by Author "Nyundo, Bruno A."
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Item An Assessment of Ecological and Social-Economic Impacts Caused by Collection of Deadwood, Medicinal Plants and Cutting of Grass for Thatching in Udzungwa Mountains National Park(2006) Nyundo, Bruno A.; Mtui, A.; Kissaka, H.Item An Assessment of Methods for Sampling Carabid Beetles (Coleptera: Carabidae) in a Montane Rain Forest(2007) Nyundo, Bruno A.; Yarro, Jacob G.Pitfall trapping is the traditional method for sampling carabid beetles and other grounddwelling invertebrates. Tests were carried out in the Udzungwa Mountains National Park between March 1999 and July 2000. Results indicated that pitfall traps were less efficient compared to manual searching methods, both in terms of relative abundance and species richness of carabid beetles. The results are discussed in the context of biodiversity inventories in the Eastern Arc MountainsItem Effects of forest fragmentation on pollination of Mesogyne insignis (Moraceae) in Amani Nature Reserve forests, Tanzania(2011-10) Olotu, Moses I.; Ndangalasi, Henry J.; Nyundo, Bruno A.The efficacy of pollination biology of Mesogyne insignis is poorly known in fragmented forests of Amani Nature Reserve. This study was conducted to determine the effect of forest fragmentation on potential pollinators of this endangered species. Three intact forests and three forest fragments were selected for this study, the intact forests serving as control. Visual observation of insects visiting inflorescences, insect trapping and pollinator exclusion experiments were the methods employed in assessing pollination. Most members of the solitary bee genus Megachile were found to be potential pollinators of M. insignis. Diversity of pollinators was significantly higher in intact forests than in forest fragments. Overall, the total number of fruits set was significantly higher in intact forests than in forest fragments, perhaps a reflection of the higher diversity and abundance of potential pollinators in an intact forest. The pollination system of M. insignis is generalist in terms of systematic group of pollinators, and forest fragmentation may have significant impact on this pollination pattern. A similar study should be conducted in other Eastern Arc Mountains where M. insignis grows to find out whether the potential pollinators are similar or not.Item Impact of Wildfire on Insect Diversity in the Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania(2015) Ngongolo, Kelvin; Nyundo, Bruno A.Occurrence of fire is inevitable in the Selous Game Reserve which is among the UNESCO world Heritage sites. Apart from prescribed burning, un-prescribed burning was observed to occur in this reserve which was anticipated to deteriorate the wildlife species including insects. This study aimed at determining the impacts of fire on insects of the Selous. Pitfall traps were used in the collection of insects samples in the three designed study sites namely; burnt grassland, un-burnt grassland and burnt woodland. The findings showed that, fire had significant (what level of significance) impacts on diversity and not on abundance of insects. High diversity was observed in un-burnt grassland than in the burnt grassland. However it was eminent that, habitat heterogeneity had significant impacts on both diversity and abundance of insects. Higher diversity and abundance was observed in woodland habitat than in grassland. It was recommended to adhere with the principles of prescribed burning while enforcing laws on illegal sources of fire such as poaching.Item A New Species of Pachytrechodes Jeannel, 1960 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) from Tanzania, with a Key to Species.(2013) Belousov, Igor A.; Nyundo, Bruno A.Pachytrechodes brevis Belousov & Nyundo, new species, is described from the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. This species is the first member of the genus found outside of the Uluguru Mountains. A key to the four currently known species of Pachytrechodes is included, based on Uéno's (1987) key. The distribution of all species is mapped.Item The Pollination Ecology of Mkomazi Acacia species(1999) Stone, G. N.; Willmer, P. G.; Rowe, J. A.; Nyundo, Bruno A.; Abdallah, R.Item Pollinators of Allanblackia Stuhlmannii (Engl.), Mkani Fat an Endemic Tree in Eastern Usambara Mountains, Tanzania(2016) Mrema, Ida A.; Nyundo, Bruno A.Aspects of the pollination biology of Allanblackia stuhlmannii were investigated on four selected trees in Amani Nature Reserve. This study aimed at identifying the actual pollinators of Allanblackia stuhlmannii. Methods used included visual observations by recording the activities of visitors to the flowers and checking the presence or absence of pollen adhering on their bodies. Meliponula sp. was identified as the actual pollinators while, Apis mellifera and Formicidae were confirmed to be nectar- feeders. Sunbirds and Sphingids could not be proven so on their roles. Findings of this study suggest habitat conservation so as to keep intact natural habitat which increase abundance and diversity of pollinators. It is recommended that further studies be undertaken on sunbirds and sphingids to determine whether or not they are also pollinators.Item Seasonal Changes on Termite Foraging Behaviour under Different Habitats in Rufiji District Tanzania.(2013) Materu, Christopher; Yarro, Jacob; Nyundo, Bruno A.The effect of wet and dry season on termites foraging was examined in cropland, forest and grassland in Rufiji district for a period of one year. Termites species richness as well as abundance were sampled using standardized transect lines. Sampling was carried out on monthly basis. Termite species abundance was significantly different between the three locations, but species richness was not significantly different. These results reveal that termite abundance was higher in disturbed habitat due to the removal of vegetation which denies termites food and areas for nesting. Furthermore movement of termites from lower horizons during the wet season was higher than in the dry season.Item Termite (Isoptera) Assemblages in Rufiji District Tanzania(2013) Materu, Christopher L.; Yarro, Jacob; Nyundo, Bruno A.Different land uses tend to affect termite feeding groups, abundance and species richness. Termites play a major role in the ecosystem particularly decomposition process, carbon and nitrogen cycling. Termite diversity differs between habitats depending on human activities. The main objective of this study was to investigate termite assemblage under different land use. Termites were sampled with a standardized 100m × 2m straight-belt transect at three named habitats. The difference in feeding groups was statistically not significant. Though termite feeding group variations across habitats were caused by human activities but changes were not high enough to cause significant differences. The results from this study provide a database on termite feeding groups which will be useful for future research in the district.Item Termite Species Richness, Diversity under Different Land Use in Rufiji District(2015) Materu, Christopher L.; Nyundo, Bruno A.Termite population and foraging behavior is much affected by different land use. Variation in termite species diversity is considered as changes of bio indicators in the selected habitat types. Despite of various benefits obtained from termites little information is known from termite species richness, diversity as well as evenness in response to different land use. A standard transect lines was used to collect termites from 10cm deep to 2M above the ground, hand sorted from the selected different land use. Sampling effort was 1hr per quadrat in all selected land use. Collected specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol for laboratory identification. Termites species encountered during the study period were 16 species from forest, 13 species from cropland and 7 species from grassland habitat types. The coefficient community similarity from different land use was high ranging from 60% to 70% The termites population differences from selected habitat types showed significant differences (P=0.05). This study was carried out to investigate the response of termite population in relation to different land use in Rufiji district which can be used for future research.Item Time, Space and Pollinators: Resource Partitioning During Flowering in an Acacia Community(2000) Stone, Graham; Willmer, Pat; Nee, Sean; Nyundo, Bruno A.; Rowe, AlexItem Udzungwa Mountains National Park (UMNP)(2006) Nyundo, Bruno A.; Mtui, A.; Kissaka, H.This Report is based on an ecological and social survey which was conducted on the Udzungwa Mountains National Park (hereinafter called the “UMNP”) to assess the ecological impact of the collection of dead wood, grass for thatching and medicinal plants on the integrity of the park and surrounding areas. It is the intention of this report to highlight the social implications of the activities enumerated above and thereafter provide policy recommendations aimed at mitigating the harmful effects of the said activities.Item Wildfire and Socio-Economic Activities of the Local Communities Adjacent to the North-Eastern Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania(2015) Ngongolo, Kelvin; Nyundo, Bruno A.; Mtoka, SamuelWildfires are known to originate from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Man has been associated with fire overtime in the history. Humans through various activities are known to be major source of wildfire in the Selous Game Reserve. This study aimed at determining the role of socio-economic activities in the occurrence of wildfire in the reserve. Semi structured interview and Likert scaling was used in data collection. Poaching, charcoaling, agriculture, pastoralism, fishing and residential protection were among of the socio-economic activities influencing the occurrence of wildfire in the reserve. Charcoal production (Mean=4.455±0.0082) scored highest while pastoralism (Mean=2.338±0.15) scored least of all. However the attitude of local communities between Ngarambe and Tapika villages varied significantly due to difference in socio economic activities between these two villages. It is recommended that education provision, extension services and law enforcement to these local communities will enhance proper use of fire and decrease the destructive unnecessary wildfires.