Browsing by Author "Niboye, Elliott P."

Now showing 1 - 16 of 16
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    Effectiveness of Non governmental Organizations in the Rehabilitation of Street Children – Experiences from Selected NGOs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
    (2013-11-01) Niboye, Elliott P.
    This paper is based on a study that sought to establish the effectiveness of Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in rehabilitating street children in Dar es Salaam City. A number of strategies are deployed by the NGOs to identify and pick the children from the streets for rehabilitation. These includes; conducting interviews in order to know the child better, picking the children from the streets to drop-in centres, conducting medical check up and screening to establish the health status of the children, and eventually conducting counselling so as to change their street wise behaviour. Furthermore, family tracing and reunification, reach out programmes, welfare meetings and reintegration as well as day out programs are conducted by the NGOs as ways of rehabilitating the picked up street children. Beside the normal social services such as shelter, food and medical care, the rehabilitee children are exposed to both formal and informal education through vocational training and talents development programmes. All of these services are made possible by the respective NGOs who receive generous support from donor agencies, private companies, individuals and to a little extent, the Government. A number of problems have been found to limit the NGO’s efforts to accomplish their mission. Some of the problems are; lack of enough funds. lack of community support, inadequate Government support, poor working environment, poor educational background of the rehabilitees and lack of immediate trust of the children to their minders. This paper proposes that street children, just like other children, are potentially principal agents for social change though at the same time they are vulnerable to the problems that accompany the social changes. It is essential therefore to examine what can be done to protect children from those social ills, and to harness their abundant energies for constructive work in their communities.
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    The Effects of Breastfeeding and Its Co-Variates on Infant and Child Mortality: Some Evidence from Dodoma Region, Tanzania
    (2007) Niboye, Elliott P.
    Mortality control in most developing countries is still at low levels because of high infant and child mortality rates. The infant and child mortality rates for Tanzania are still high despite the observed declining trend in developing countries in the twentieth century. The efficacy of mass campaigns against general or specific diseases and extension of health services is not convincing; hence the importance of emphasising the natural behaviours and means such as breastfeeding that confers protection to infants and children from health scourges. This paper is a result of a study carried out in some selected localities in Dodoma Region, Tanzania. The major findings were that on average, most women in the study area breastfed for two years. Some socio-economic and biological variables such as education, residence, maternal age, parity, and birth interval were found to be strongly correlated with both breastfeeding and under-five mortality. However, the variables have a strong effect on mortality of the under-fives than breastfeeding. Furthermore, it was found that breastfeeding for long duration is beneficial to young children, especially infants. Nevertheless, its positive effects are elevated in a multivariate perspective. Factors that increase mortality risks not only increase the importance of breastfeeding for children's survival, but also increase the age up to which its benefits continue to be important. In retrospect, this suggests that any policy intervention designed to promote breastfeeding should concern itself primarily with how children of the most deprived subgroups are fed, and should stress continuation of breastfeeding to higher ages for those same subgroups
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    Gender Equity in Primary Education in Artisanal Mining Communities Lessons from Kahama District in Rural Tanzania
    (2011) Kabote, Samwel J.; Niboye, Elliott P.
    This paper focuses on gender equity in primary education in Kahama District, one of the artisanal mining communities in Tanzania. The focus is on Grade I registration, Standard VII completions, and pass rates. Data used in this paper came from the Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Miners' survey conducted in 2010 in Bugarama ward. Two questions are addressed; first what is the status of gender equity? Secondly, if inequality is widening, who are the most affected between boys and girls? Primary data were synthesised from discussions with key informants; while, secondary data were obtained from primary school records. Findings indicate that the first half of the last decade was characterised by high gender disparity with boys being ahead of girls in each variable studied. However, over time, gender disparity was declining modestly. The reason among others could be hinged on an enabling policy environment and the desire by the Tanzania Government to achieve national and international targets. Based on these findings, three education policy interventions should be formulated and effectively implemented so as to spur gender parity in primary education. The first policy intervention should focus on gender parity during Grade I registration; the second one should aim at controlling school attrition of both boys and girls until graduation with an idea in mind that artisanal mining activities may act like a magnet to some of the school children. Finally, the third policy intervention should focus at sustaining gender equity once it has been attained
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    Grassroots Participation in Water Governance in Tanzania: The Case of Water User Associations (WUAs) in Kimani Sub-Catchment of the Usangu Plains
    (2008) Kahimba, J.; Niboye, Elliott P.
    For a long period of time, in Tanzania, the management of water resources was through informal traditional system. However, the complexities of the current nature of water resource use tend to overshadow the capacity performance of local informal institutions in managing water resources. There is an inevitable call for redesigning operational structures of the local informal arrangements to achieve good models of management and organizational standards in traditional water uses, enhance rational and efficient water uses, and hence reduce water conflicts. Using a case study of water user associations in Kimani sub-catchment, this paper reveals that water user associations (WUAs) were created so as to modify the traditional systems, in a sense that they are legally recognized, and as such, they have legal supports that ensure their enforceability. In the Kimani sub-catchment, WUAs are the major institutions owning water rights, and therefore responsible for water distribution to their members. They are instrumental in negotiations and dispute resolution between different water users. Despite the good work done by WUAs, this paper reveals that the absence of water rights and good grazing areas for pastoralists, simple penalties to some of the wrongdoers, poor leadership and general management skills of WUAs, as well as lack of conflict management skills of the committees involved in resolving water conflicts, are some of the challenges facing WUAs operations. This paper further proposes some workable recommendations to improve the performance of WUAs in the study area.
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    International Land Deals and Rural Poverty Reduction in Kisarawe District, Tanzania
    (OSSREA, 2014) Niboye, Elliott P.; Kabote, Samwel J.; Ringo, J.
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    Trends in HIV/AIDS Voluntary Testing in Tanzania: A Case of Njombe Urban, Njombe Region
    (2011-11-11) Kabote, Samwel J.; Niboye, Elliott P.
    This article presents and analyzes status and trends for people who were voluntarily tested for HIV/AIDS infections in Njombe Town Council in Njombe region. The analysis covers five year period between 2007 and 2011. This period was specifically chosen because it was in July 2007 that the government of Tanzania inaugurated a campaign for HIV/AIDS voluntary counselling and testing. Nevertheless, trends for the people who are using Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) centres and the associated results regarding HIV/AIDS infections are not clearly established. The article utilizes data collected from three Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) centres in Njombe Urban. Percentages of people infected with HIV/AIDS were computed using a calculator. Findings demonstrate that the number and percentages of people who were voluntarily tested for HIV/AIDS was increasing suggesting that over time more and more people were using voluntary testing and counselling centres (VCT). Interestingly, while the number of people visiting VCT centres revealed increasing trend, HIV/AIDS infections showed decreasing trend over the years for all of the VCT centres under consideration. Notwithstanding decreasing trend for HIV/AIDS infections, many people were living with HIV/AIDS particularly women. Overall, infections accounted for 6.5% at Njombe Health Centre higher than at Njombe Lutheran VCT centre and at Kibena Hospital, where both recorded 5.1% of people infected with HIV/AIDS. Controlling new cases for HIV/AIDS infections will help to re-direct resources to development initiatives at all levels. Therefore, concerted efforts are needed to curb further HIV/AIDS infections in Njombe urban and in Tanzania more generally.
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    Vegetation Cover Changes in Ngorongoro Conservation Area from 1975 to 200: The Importance of Remote Sensing Images
    (Bentham Publications, 2010-03) Niboye, Elliott P.
    Ngorongoro conservation area is a multiple land-use system established in 1959 to provide for both wildlife conservation and economic development of resident Maasai pastoralists. A study was conducted by analyzing remote sensing images (Landsat MSS 1975, Landsat TM 1991, and Landsat TM 2000) in order to determine trends in vegetation cover changes between 1975 and 2000. The results indicates that major changes in the study area from 1970 to 2000 involved increase in woody vegetation cover types including forest (+ 48.7%), bush land (+42.7%); and loss of scrubland (-29.1%) and grasslands (-37.0%). Other changes involved invasion of highland grassland by unpalatable grass species (-34.4%). The period covered was associated with restrictive conservation policies that disrupted traditional pastoral mobility restricting large herds of livestock on highland areas that induced range deterioration. It is concluded that pastoral land use system has preserved the savanna landscape in Ngorongoro area whereas land-use policies that disrupts traditional pastoral land use systems threaten a breakdown of savanna ecosystem that supports a tourism industry in the area.