Browsing by Author "Ngana, J. O."
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Item Adapting to Climate Change in Africa(2011) Gwary, D.; Nogoye, T.; Ngana, J. O.; Zakieldeen, S. A.; Yanda, Pius Z.; Ojjo-Massawa, E.; Githeko, Andrew; Ruppel, Olivier; Ngana, T.; Francis, JuliusItem Development of an integrated water resources management plan for the Lake Manyara sub-basin, Northern Tanzania(Pergamon, 2003) Ngana, J. O.; Mwalyosi, R. B. B.; Madulu, N. F.; Yanda, Pius Z.Water resources management in Lake Manyara sub-basin is an issue of very high significance as the sub-basin hosts a number of national and global assets of great socio-cultural, ecological and economic values. The sub-basin comprise of a Biosphere Reserve with boosting tourism from Lake Manyara National Park with a variety of wildlife population, large livestock population and highly fertile land for agricultural production. The prevailing system of uncoordinated water resources management in the sub-basin cannot sustain the ever increasing water needs of the various expanding sectors, therefore a strategy must be sought to integrate the various sectoral needs against the available water resources in order to attain both economic and ecological sustainability. Through participatory approach with the stakeholders, the study has established key issues, demonstrated considerable experience in water resources management in the sub-basin including existence of water boards, water committees in some districts as well as land resources management practices However, a number of constraints were noted which inhibit sustainable water resources management including ignorance of water policies, conflicting sectoral policies, lack of coordination between sectors, high in migration rates into the basin, heavy in migration of livestock, conflicts between sectors, poor land use resulting in soil erosion and sedimentation, lack of comprehensive data base on water resources and water needs for : domestic, tourism, livestock, irrigation, wild life and environmental flows. As a way forward it was recommended that a basin wide legally mandated body (involving all levels) be established to oversee water use in the sub-basin. Other strategies include capacity building of stakeholders on water natural resources management policies, water rights and enforcement of laws. This progress report paper highlights the wealth of knowledge that stakeholders possess on water resources management and using that platform develop a participatory Integrated water resources management where roles and responsibilities are ironed out.Item Indigenous knowledge in seasonal rainfall prediction in Tanzania: A case of the South-western Highland of Tanzania(Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 2010-04-01) Chang’a, L. B.; Yanda, Pius Z.; Ngana, J. O.This paper describes how farmers in the South-western Highland of Tanzania predict rainfall using local environmental indicators and astronomical factors. The perceptions of the local communities on conventional weather and climate forecasts were also assessed. The study was conducted in Rungwe and Kilolo districts in Mbeya and Iringa regions respectively. Participatory rural appraisal methods, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were used in data collection and the collected data was analyzed using Statistical package for social science. It has been found that plant phenology is widely used by local communities in both districts in seasonal rainfall forecasting. Early and significant flowering of Mihemi (Erythrina abyssinica) and Mikwe (Brachystegia speciformis) trees from July to November has been identified to be one of the signals of good rainfall season. The behaviour of Dudumizi bird has been singled out as one of the best indicator for rainfall. Both Indigenous Knowledge specialists and TMA experts have predicted 2009/2010 rainfall season to feature normal to above normal rainfall. Systematic documentation and subsequent integration of indigenous knowledge into conventional weather forecasting system is recommended as one of the strategy that could help to improve the accuracy of seasonal rainfall forecasts under a changing climate.Item Spatial and temporal analysis of recent climatological data in Tanzania(Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 2010-03) Chang’a, L. B.; Yanda, Pius Z.; Ngana, J. O.Recent climate variability over Tanzania is evaluated through the analysis of spatial and temporal distributions of meteorological variables including rainfall, relative humidity (RH), maximum temperature (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin) in an annual and seasonal time scale for 30 years (1971 - 2000) at 45 meteorological stations for rainfall and 27 stations for Tmax, Tmin and RH. Statistical parameters including mean (ME), coefficient of variation (CV) and skewness (SK) are computed and analyzed. These parameters are mapped using Surfer software. Seasonal contribution of each of the four seasons (JF, MAM, JJAS and OND) is assessed. It has been found that, for most of the bimodal areas, nearly 50% of the annual rainfall is contributed by MAM season. In all four seasons, rainfall, in most of the stations is characterized by a slight asymmetrical distribution with stronger spatial and temporal variability. Tmax, Tmin and RH however, exhibit a near normal distribution with significantly less variability.