Browsing by Author "Nafiou, M. M."

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    Wages in Niger. Wage Indicator Survey 2012.
    (2012) Tijdens, Kea; Besamusca, Janna; Tingum, Ernest N.; Nafiou, M. M.
    This WageIndicator Data Report presents the results of the face-to-face WageIndicator survey in Niger, conducted between the 26th of September and 26th of October 2012. This report is based on 1,712 interviews from all regions; 69% were men and 45% were under 30 years old. The workers in the survey live in households with on average 3.3 members, and almost five in ten men and more than five in ten women live with both a partner and children. On a scale from 1 (low) to 10 (high), more than half of the respondents (54%) rate their lives a five or lower and a 21% score an 8 or higher. On average, the interviewees score a 5.7. Almost two in ten had attained primary education first cycle and another two in ten had primary education second cycle (18% and 17%). Slightly more than two in ten workers had diplomas from secondary education (22%). On average, respondents worked for 10.8 years. More than six of ten people in the sample work in an organization with 10 or fewer employees (64%). The average working week of respondents is almost 50 hours and they work 5.8 days per week. More than five in ten workers regularly work shifts, almost seven in ten work evenings, almost six in ten report working regularly Saturdays, while five in ten work regularly Sundays. The biggest group of interviewees works in the wholesale and retail trade (19%), almost two in ten work in education (17%), followed by transportation and storage (14%). More than a tenth (11%) works in human health and social work activities and slightly less in financial and insurance activities (10%). More than half of the workers in the sample are employed as managers, which includes all business owners, including those of micro-enterprises. Sizeable groups of respondents work in services and sales (10%) and as clerical support workers (11%). Three in ten workers is self-employed (29%), almost three in ten workers are employees with a permanent contract (28%), almost three in ten have a fixed term contract (29%) and the remaining one in ten have no contract at all (14%). Almost three in ten workers (29%) state that they are entitled to social security. Two in three workers state that they have no agreed working hours (65%). More than two in ten get their wages transferred to a bank account, almost seven in ten get them cash in hand. Up to 23% of workers are in what can be qualified as very informal jobs, without social security, agreed hours or contracts, whereas 10% are in the very formal jobs. The median net hourly wage of the total sample is 288.68 Niger Franc (CFA). Workers in firms with less than ten employees earn a lot less than employees of larger firms. The analysis also shows that the more informal a job is, the lower the net hourly wages. Those on the lowest end of the informality scale earn only 105 CFA per hour, whereas those in the highest end earn wages far above that (699 CFA). Employees with permanent contracts have the highest and self-employed workers the lowest earnings (462 versus 117 CFA). Median wages increase with educational level. Workers without formal education earn 69 CFA, those with university education 780 CFA. Managers have the highest median wages (375 CFA), followed by clerical support workers (305 CFA). The lowest paid workers are the skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers (82 CFA), followed by the plant and machine operators, and assemblers (96 CFA). The highest wages are earned in the public sector, health care, and education (462 CFA), and the lowest wages in trade, transport, and hospitality (192 CFA). The result of the analysis shows that 66% of the sample is paid on or above the minimum wage rate of 30047 CFA per month, whereas 34% is paid below the minimum wage rate. Only 34% of informal workers are paid above the minimum wage rate compared to 92% of the most formal workers. Women are more often paid above the minimum wage rate than men (60% versus 81%). Workers under 30 years are most vulnerable: 55% is paid on or above the minimum wage rate, compared to 80% of workers above 50 years old. Workers in large firms are most often paid above the minimum wage rate (92%), compared to 48% of workers in firms employing 10 people or less. Self-employed workers are the single most vulnerable group. Just under one third (32%) earn more than the minimum wage rate. Less than four in ten workers with no education and slightly more with primary first cycle education are paid above the minimum wage rate (38% and 46%), compared to at least 95% of workers who finished general secondary, tertiary or university education. Almost seven in ten managers earn above the minimum wage rate (67%). In contrast, four in ten plant and machine operators, and assemblers earn more than the minimum wage rate (41%) and just a few more skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers do so (44%). Workers in trade, transport and hospitality are most at risk of being not paid a minimum wage (only 51% paid above the minimum wage rate). Public sector workers are best of; 85% of them earn a wage above the minimum wage rate.