Browsing by Author "Naegels, Vanessa"

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    Perceived problems with collateral: The value of informal networking
    (Elsevier, 2020) Naegels, Vanessa; Bert D’Espallier, Bert; Mori, Neema
    Many businesses in emerging economies are financially constrained due to their limited use of formal loans. Recent evidence suggests that negative perceptions discourage entrepreneurs from applying for loans. One of the main issues entrepreneurs mention is unattainable collateral re- quirements. In this paper, we contribute to this line of research by investigating the effect of networking with fellow entrepreneurs on perceived collateral problems. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data originating from female entrepreneurs in Tanzania, we find that through networking, entrepreneurs are exposed to stories of their peers’ experiences with loans which influence their perceptions of formal loans. While existing research suggests that networking generally eases access to finance, we find that the effect depends on the type of networking. Informal networking reduces problems with collateral while formal networking increases prob- lems. Additionally, we find that once entrepreneurs come into contact with formal loans, they are less likely to report problems with collateral. Our results suggest that networking with fellow entrepreneurs, especially in a formal manner, leads to an overestimation of perceived collateral problems paving the way for borrower discouragement.
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    The process of female borrower discouragement
    (Elsevier, 2021-06) Naegels, Vanessa; Mori, Neema; D’Espallier, Bert
    Recent entrepreneurial finance literature identifies ‘borrower discouragement’ as an important phenomenon explaining why female entrepreneurs hold less capital to grow their venture. But how do you become a discouraged borrower? We apply grounded theory to interviews with Tanzanian female entrepreneurs and model the process via which these entrepreneurs become discouraged. Our model suggests that entrepreneurs hold negative perceptions regarding loan application, allocation and payback procedures shaped by both internal and external information sources. We demonstrate that negative perceptions cause an unfavorable attitude towards formal loans which together with entrepreneurs’ perceptions of societal norms lead to a low intention to apply.