Browsing by Author "Mwiturubani, Donald A."
Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Climate Change and Access to Water Resources in the Lake Victoria Basin(2010) Mwiturubani, Donald A.Th e Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has, as indicated elsewhere in this publication, concluded that climate change and variability have the potential to impact negatively on water availability, and access to and demand for water in most countries, but particularly in Africa.1 Climate change is expected to alter and hence bring changes to the hydrological cycle, temperature balance and rainfall pattern. Th is has wide-ranging implications since water is one of the most important of all natural resources for socioeconomic, cultural, political and environmental development. It is a commonly used resource and hence a fundamental economic asset for sustainable development. Water is required in an adequate and sustainable supply for domestic, farming (livestock and agriculture) and industrial use, and other environmental functions on all spatial and temporal scales. It is estimated that globally 70 per cent of water withdrawn is used for irrigated agriculture, 20 per cent for industry and the remaining 10 per cent for other uses including domestic useItem Climate Change and Informal Institutions in the Lake Victoria Basin(2009) Mwiturubani, Donald A.Th e Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) analyses of impacts of climate change suggests that in sub-Saharan Africa, where the majority of the population depend on rain-fed agriculture, economic activities are likely to be more vulnerable to climate change. Th is is so because the coping mechanisms of the indigenous communities in the rural areas are limited due to lack of appropriate technology. A survey of households and in-depth interviews with key informants in the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB), however, illustrate that local people in the LVB, through their informal institutions, have been developing diff erent strategies to deal with the impacts of climate change. Th ese fi ndings also suggest that the strategies developed are in most instances adaptive to the changing ecological conditions and are eff ective and useful in responding to natural resource constraints as caused by climate change. Th e strategies employed include: creating and implementing specifi c rules on access to and utilisation of some specifi c natural resources, such as those in the water catchment areas; creating and implementing rules on the type of crops to be grown (mainly cassava and sweet potatoes); creating and implementing restrictionsItem Climate Change and Natural Resources Conflicts in Africa(2014) Mwiturubani, Donald A.; Van Wyk, Jo-AnsieTh is monograph contains papers that were presented at the International Conference on Climate Change and Natural Resources Confl icts in Africa, 14–15 May 2009, Entebbe, Uganda, organised by the Environment Security Programme (ESP) of the Institute for Security Studies (ISS), Nairobi Offi ce. Th e climate change phenomenon is a global concern, which typically threatens the sustainability of the livelihoods of the majority of the population living in the developing countries. Africa, particularly the sub-Saharan region, is likely to be negatively impacted by climate variability and change. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Africa’s vulnerability arises from a combination of many factors, including extreme poverty, a high rate of population increase, frequent natural disasters such as droughts and fl oods, and agricultural systems (both crop and livestock production) that depend heavily on rainfall. Extreme natural occurrences such as fl oods and droughts are becoming increasingly frequent and severe. Africa’s high vulnerability to the negative impacts of climate variability and change is also attributed to its low adaptive capacity.Item HIV/AIDS in Tanzania: Knowledge Dissemination Systems and Changing Youth Behaviour(African Books Collective, 2009) Mwiturubani, Donald A.The prevention and control of the spread of HIV/AIDS infection remains a priority of many governments, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, which is estimated to host about 70 percent of the world’s HIV/AIDS victims (O’Sullivan 2000; USAID 2001; UNICEF, UNAIDS & WHO, 2002). The prevention efforts regarding HIV/AIDS transmission need to ensure that people, particularly those who are more vulnerable, such as youths,1 are not exposed to the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and if exposed, have adequate knowledge and skills to prevent infections (Barnett and Whiteside 2002; UNICEF, UNAIDS & WHO, 2002). This needs an approach which provides vulnerable groups such as youths with information and skills, and empowers them to participate in the design and implementation of the programmes that target them (Colling 1998; Shapiro et al., 2003). Two systems of knowledge dissemination exist, namely modern, such as through mass media, and local, such as through stories. For the local methods of knowledge dissemination, the communicator and audience must be present and should speak the same language. On the other hand, in understanding the information and skills provided through modern systems, two aspects are important: one, reliable income for purchasing sources of information, such as radio and newspapers, and second, education for using and understanding the information and skills. Insisting on the role of education in acquiring knowledge about HIV/AIDS through modern systems, UNICEF, UNAIDS & WHO (2002:26) note that: Good-quality education fosters analytical thinking and healthy habits. Better educated young people are more likely to acquire the knowledge, confidence and social skills to protect themselves from the virus.Item Nature and Extent of Environmental Crime in Kenya(Institute for Security Studies, 2009) Kamweti, D. M.; Osiro, Deborah; Mwiturubani, Donald A.This report deals with the nature and extent of environmental crime in Kenya and was commissioned by the Environmental Crimes Project (ECP) of the Institute for Security Studies (ISS). Th e ECP is a project in partnership with the East African Police Chiefs Cooperation Organisation (EAPCCO). Its core objective is to enhance human security by improving regional law enforcement and policymaking to fi ght environmental crime in eastern Africa. An environmental crime can be defi ned as a grave act against the environment that results in the infringement of the right of citizens to a clean and healthy environment. For such an act to constitute a crime, it must contravene laid-down legislation in the various sectors of the environment, such as forestry, water and wildlife. Environmental off ences have, for a long time, been treated as misdemeanours, and not felonies. Environmental crime is a serious and growing concern, leading to the near extinction of valuable wildlife species, and signifi cantly impacting on the biological integrity of the planet. It contributes to environmental degradation, which in turn aff ects the quality and quantity of environmental resources. By doing so, it leads to unhealthy competition for these scarce resources, and subsequently to volatile situations and even resource-use confl icts. As such, environmental crime impacts on human livelihoods.Item Youth, HIV/AIDS and Social Transformations in Africa(African Books Collective, 2009) Mwiturubani, Donald A.