Browsing by Author "Mwakalila, S."

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    Mapping Socio-Economic Scenarios of Land Cover Change: A GIS Method to Enable Ecosystem Service Modelling
    (Elsevier, 2011) Swetnam, R. D.; Fisher, B.; Mbilinyi, B. P.; Munishi, P. K. T.; Willcock, S.; Ricketts, T.; Mwakalila, S.; Balmford, A.; Burgess, Neil D.; Marshall, A. R.; Lewis, S. L.
    We present a GIS method to interpret qualitatively expressed socio-economic scenarios in quantitative map-based terms. (i) We built scenarios using local stakeholders and experts to define how major land cover classes may change under different sets of drivers; (ii) we formalised these as spatially explicit rules, for example agriculture can only occur on certain soil types; (iii) we created a future land cover map which can then be used to model ecosystem services. We illustrate this for carbon storage in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania using two scenarios: the first based on sustainable development, the second based on ‘business as usual’ with continued forestewoodland degradation and poor protection of existing forest reserves. Between 2000 and 2025 4% of carbon stocks were lost under the first scenario compared to a loss of 41% of carbon stocks under the second scenario. Quantifying the impacts of differing future scenarios using the method we document here will be important if payments for ecosystem services are to be used to change policy in order to maintain critical ecosystem services
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    The Use of Sustainable Irrigation for Poverty Alleviation in Tanzania: The Case of Small Holder Irrigation Schemes in Igurusi, Mbarali District
    (Mkuki na Nyota Publishers Ltd, 2004) Mwakalila, S.; Noe, Christine
    The case of smallholder irrigation schemes in Igurusi, Mbarali District Irrigation has been found to be a central key part in curbing food scarcity not only in Tanzania but also in many other developing countries. The continued dependence on rainfall in agriculture has proved incapable of sustaining the population increase. This study examines the sustainability of smallholder irrigated agriculture as a means of improving social and economic benefits in the Mbarali district, located in Usangu plains of South-West Tanzania. Specifically the study focuses on: The existing national policies and their roles in irrigation development; Characteristics of the existing irrigation systems and their roles towards poverty alleviation; Productivity of irrigation schemes and profit margins for poverty alleviation; Rural livelihoods strategies towards poverty alleviation;and arrangements of local institutions towards sustainable irrigation. The study is confined to smallholder irrigation schemes in the Igurusi ward. The selected villages for the in-depth study were Majenje, Igurusi, Chamoto, Uhambule and Mahango.