Browsing by Author "Mutemi, Muthangya"
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Item Enhancement of Anaerobic Digestion of Sisal Leaf Decortication Residues by Biological Pre-Treatment(Asian Research Publishing Network, 2009) Mutemi, Muthangya; Mshandete, Anthony M.; Kivaisi, Amelia K.In recent years, the use of agro-industrial residues as feedstocks for biogas production has gained great attention worldwide due to limited reserves of fossil fuels. The sisal industry in Tanzania generates large quantities of sisal leaf decortication residues (SLDR) with good potential for biomethane production. However, the process is limited by the lignocellulosic nature of SLDR, making it not effectively degraded under anaerobic conditions. The effects of biological pretreatment of SLDR under solid state fermentation with a ligninolytic CCHT-1 strain and Trichoderma reseei at different inoculation rates and incubation periods to improve methane production were investigated. The methane production potential of the pretreated substrate was determined in batch anaerobic bioreactors. SLDR was pre-treated with CCHT-1 for 4 days at an inoculation rate of 10 % (wet weight inoculant/ SLDR) gave methane yield of 0.203±0.019 m3 CH4/kg VSadded, while pre-treatment of SLDR with T. reseei for 8 days at an inoculation rate of 25 % (wet weight inoculant/SLDR) gave methane yield of 0.192±0.024 m3 CH4/kg VSadded.This was an increment of between 24 to 30% in methane yield, compared to 0.145±0.015 m3 CH4/kg VSadded obtained for the untreated samples. In conclusion, the results demonstrated the suitability of biological pre-treatment method using fungi for enhanced anaerobic digestion of SLDR.Item Evaluation of Enzymatic Activity during Vegetative Growth and Fruiting of Pleurotus HK 37 on Agave sisalana Saline Solid Waste(2013) Mutemi, Muthangya; Mshandete, Anthony M.; Hashim, Suhaila O.; Amana, Mzee J.; Kivaisi, Amelia K.Mushroom cultivation is an effective method for the production of nutritional food in addition to offering a holistic approach to agro waste management by utilization of the abundant lignocellulosic waste including sisal leaf decortications waste (SLDW). Production of 1 kg of mushrooms generates 5 kg of a co-product called spent mushroom substrate (SMS). Alternative means of disposal of the resulting SMS is production of extracellular enzymes generated by mushrooms during their growth and development. In this study, Pleurotus HK 37 was studied for its ability to produce laccase manganese peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP) and xylanase on SLDW under solid-state fermentation. Laccase activities reached the highest values of 27.3 U/ml when the substrate was fully colonised. The activity then declined with each subsequent harvest to 15.0 U/ml. MnP assay had two peaks of 8.9 U/ml and 8.0 U/ml on full colonisation and during the 3rd flush, while LiP and xylanase activities had highest recorded activities of 0.34 U/ml and 0.28 U/ml, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate the potential utilization of sisal leaf decortications waste as raw materials for simultaneous production of edible mushrooms and extracellular enzymes from a commercial fungus, Pleurotus HK 37, which is a potential biotechnological application.Item Nutritional and Antioxidant Analysis of Pleurotus Hk 37 Grown on Agave Sisalana Saline Solid Waste(2014) Mutemi, Muthangya; Mshandete, Anthony M.; Amana, Mzee J.; Hashim, Suhaila O.; Kivaisi, Amelia K.Mushrooms consumed in recent times have increased both in the amounts as well as the number of species consumed. The main bioactive components in mushroom are phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, β-carotene and lycopene. Mushrooms are also rich in crude protein, vitamins, amino acids, crude fibre and minerals. The objective of this study was to determine nutritive and antioxidant potential of sun dried Pleurotus HK 37 grown on Agave sisalana waste, grass (Panicum coloratum) and in a combined substrate of the two at 50:50 (w/w). Standard procedures were used to determine the proximate chemical composition and antioxidant properties of the samples. Moisture content, crude protein and crude fibre ranged between 12.31-13.61, 17.08-31.14% and 6.12-6.82%, respectively. Macro elements Ca, Mg, Na, K, and P were also found in substantial amounts with K being present in exceedingly higher amount (537.31-631.91 mg/100g) than macro minerals. The samples from the three substrates contained antioxidant β-carotene (4.24-5.07 mg/100g), lycopene (4.44- 5.05 mg/100g), Vitamin C (5.07-5.29±0.02 mg/100g), phenols (350.82-830.97 mg of GAEs/g) and flavanoids (32.21-61.11 mg RE/g). A combined substrate of sisal and grass was found to produce mushroom with high nutritional value although the phenolic content in mushrooms cultivate on sisal substrate was higher. The results further showed that, all the extracts exhibited scavenging ability and metal chelating activity. The findings show that Pleurotus HK 37 can be explored further for pharmaceutical application due to the high antioxidant potential alongside its consumption as a nutritious food.Item Optimization of Pleurotus Mushroom Cultivation on Saline Sisal Solid Waste(2013) Mutemi, Muthangya; Hashim, Suhaila O.; Amana, Mzee J.; Mshandete, Anthony M.; Kivaisi, Amelia K.Mushrooms are a primary part of managing solid waste, building organic soil and returning minerals to the soil. Sisal processing in Kenya generates an estimated 611,875 tonnes of solid waste annually, which is discarded leading to environmental pollution. Sisal waste contains; lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses 4.5 %, 76.5 and 21.6 % respectively, which are ideal for mushroom cultivation. However, the waste from Kilifi Kenya has high concentrations of salts such as chlorides and sodium in the range of 31,857.12 and 20,660.28 mg/l, respectively, which are inhibitory to mycelia vegetative growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate pre treatment of saline sisal waste for mushroom production Two Pleurotus mushrooms commercials strains, Pleurotus. HK 37 and P. sapidus 969 were cultivated. The highest recorded biological efficiencies for P. HK 37 and P. sapidus 969 were 39.4% and 26.3% in cold water soaked substrate as well as 40.05% and 38.2% in a 1:1 co-substrate combination of grass and sisal waste, this can result to annual generation of 159,088 - 244,750 tonnes of fresh mushrooms. The results from this study indicate that saline sisal solid waste can be utilised for commercial mushroom production.Item Two-Stage Fungal Pre-Treatment for Improved Biogas Production from Sisal Leaf Decortication Residues(2009) Mutemi, Muthangya; Mshandete, Anthony M.; Kivaisi, Amelia K.Sisal leaf decortications residue (SLDR) is amongst the most abundant agroindustrial residues in Tanzania and is a good feedstock for biogas production. Pretreatment of the residue prior to its anaerobic digestion (AD) was investigated using a twostage pre-treatment approach with two fungal strains, CCHT-1 and Trichoderma reesei in succession in anaerobic batch bioreactors. AD of the pre-treated residue with CCTH-1 at 10% (wet weight inoculum/SLDR) inoculum concentration incubated for four days followed by incubation for eight days with 25% (wet weight inoculum/SLDR) of T. reesei gave a methane yield of 0.292 ± 0.04 m3 CH4/kg volatile solids (VS)added. On reversing the pre-treatment succession of the fungal inocula using the same parameters followed by AD, methane yield decreased by about 55%. Generally, an increment in the range of 30–101% in methane yield in comparison to the un-treated SLDR was obtained. The results confirmed the potential of CCHT-1 followed by Trichoderma reesei fungi pre-treatment prior to AD to achieve significant improvement in biogas production from SLDR.