Browsing by Author "Munishi, P. K. T."

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    Hydrologic and land use/cover change analysis for the Ruvu River (Uluguru) and Sigi River (East Usambara) watersheds
    (2007-03) Yanda, Pius Z.; Munishi, P. K. T.
    CARE International in Tanzania in partnership with WWF Tanzania Programme Office is in a process of establishing a new project entitled “Equitable Payment for Watershed Services (PWS) in the Uluguru and East Usambara Mountains focusing on Ruvu and Sigi river basins. The central premise of this project is to establish an equitable payment mechanism between buyers and sellers of the watershed services. The PWS mechanism will actually promote equity in the distribution of benefits so far as this can be achieved without significantly undermining the financial viability of the initiative. The proposed Equitable Payments for Watershed Services (PWS) initiative which is the subject of this study entails the major users of water from the Ruvu river and Sigi River (“the buyers”) making a long term financial investment in modifying land use within the river basin to improve “watershed services” – specifically the reliability, and quality of their water supply. This financial investment (“the payments”) would be used to provide benefits to communities that act as an incentive for them to make the changes in land use and/or natural resource management (NRM) needed to deliver the improved watershed services, and to sustain these changes over time. The major aim of this assignment was to undertake detailed hydrological analysis of the Ruvu and Sigi River basins in relation to land use/cover change to provide guidance on what and where the PWS initiative should be focused within the upper catchments based on maximizing the buyers’ return on investment in terms of their particular interests in improving watershed services. In other words where will the buyer get “the best bang for their buck”. This will also within the focal areas address poverty of the poor farmers or people in general.
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    Mapping Socio-Economic Scenarios of Land Cover Change: A GIS Method to Enable Ecosystem Service Modelling
    (Elsevier, 2011) Swetnam, R. D.; Fisher, B.; Mbilinyi, B. P.; Munishi, P. K. T.; Willcock, S.; Ricketts, T.; Mwakalila, S.; Balmford, A.; Burgess, Neil D.; Marshall, A. R.; Lewis, S. L.
    We present a GIS method to interpret qualitatively expressed socio-economic scenarios in quantitative map-based terms. (i) We built scenarios using local stakeholders and experts to define how major land cover classes may change under different sets of drivers; (ii) we formalised these as spatially explicit rules, for example agriculture can only occur on certain soil types; (iii) we created a future land cover map which can then be used to model ecosystem services. We illustrate this for carbon storage in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania using two scenarios: the first based on sustainable development, the second based on ‘business as usual’ with continued forestewoodland degradation and poor protection of existing forest reserves. Between 2000 and 2025 4% of carbon stocks were lost under the first scenario compared to a loss of 41% of carbon stocks under the second scenario. Quantifying the impacts of differing future scenarios using the method we document here will be important if payments for ecosystem services are to be used to change policy in order to maintain critical ecosystem services