Browsing by Author "Mohammed, Salum"

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    Aflatoxin Levels in Sunflower Seeds and Unrefined Sunflower Oils from Singida, Tanzania
    (Taylor & Francis, 2018-03-16) Mohammed, Salum; Munissi, Joan J.E; Nyandoro, Stephen S.
    A total of 61 samples comprising sunflower seeds (40) and unrefined sunflower oils (21) samples collected randomly from Singida, Tanzania were analysed by Reverse Phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). 15% (6/40) of the seed samples were contaminated with aflatoxin B1 ranging from limit of detection (LOD) to 218 ng g−1 with three of them exceeding the European Commission/European Union (EC/EU) and Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS)/Tanzania Food and Drug Authority (TFDA) maximum limits of 2 ng g−1 for AFB1 in oilseeds. The levels of total aflatoxins (AFT) in seeds ranged from LOD to 243 ng g−1. Other aflatoxins, except AFG2, were also detected. For the unrefined sunflower oils, the levels of AFB1 ranged from LOD to 2.56 ng mL−1. About 80.9% (17/21) of the analysed oil samples contained AFB1 of which 17.65% (3/17) exceeded the EC/EU and TBS/TFDA maximum limits of 2 ng mL−1. Other aflatoxins were also detected in the oils. The measured levels indicate there is a need for food quality education among food processors.
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    Aflatoxin M1 in raw milk and aflatoxin B1 in feed from household cows in Singida, Tanzania
    (Taylor & Francis, 2016-02) Mohammed, Salum; Munissi, Joan J. E.; Nyandoro, Stephen S.
    Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in raw milk from household cows fed with sunflower seedcakes or sunflower-based seedcake feeds was determined in 37 milk samples collected randomly from different locations in Singida region, Tanzania. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in sunflower-based seedcake feed was determined in 20 feed samples collected from the same household dairy farmers. The samples were analysed by RP-HPLC using fluorescent detection after immunoaffinity column clean-up. Recoveries were 88.0% and 94.5%, while the limits of detection (LOD) were 0.026 ng mL(-1) and 0.364 ng g(-1) for AFM1 and AFB1, respectively. Of the analysed cow's milk samples, 83.8% (31/37) contained AFM1, with levels ranging from LOD to 2.007 ng mL(-1), exceeding both the European Commission (EC) and Tanzania Food and Drug Authority (TFDA) limit of 0.05 ng mL(-1). Of the contaminated samples, 16.1% exceeded the Codex Alimentarius limit of 0.5 ng mL(-1). AFB1 was present in 65% (13/20) of the feed samples with levels ranging from LOD to 20.47 ng g(-1), 61.53% exceeding the TFDA and EC maximum limits of 5 ng g(-1) for complete dairy animal feed. The observed AFM1 and AFB1 contamination necessitates the need to raise awareness to dairy farmers in Tanzania to safeguard the health of the end-users.