Browsing by Author "Mlozi, Stephano Hanolo"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Antifungal activity, Lycopersicon esculentum, fungal skin infection, bioactives
    (Taylor and Francis, 2020) Mlozi, Stephano Hanolo
    Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans are dangerous pathogens causing fungal diseases. C. albicans and C. neoformans developed resistance to fungicides such as fluconazole. Similarly, pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi have become resistant to antibiotcs such as methicillin. Thus, searching for alternative antimicrobial agents is inevitable. Tephrosia vogelii used traditionally for management of fungal and bacterial diseases is potential source of antimicrobial agents. It is in this vein that, antimicrobial activities of leaf and root extracts of T. vogelii were evaluated against C. albicans (ATCC 90028), C. neoformans (clinical isolate), S. aureus (ATCC25923), E. coli (ATCC29953), K. pneumoniae (ATCC 700603) and S. typhi (NCTC 8385). A two-fold serial dilution method using the sterilised 96 wells of polystyrene microlitre plates used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts. Hexane and dichloromethane extracts exhibited the lowest activity against fungi strains with MICs >10 mg/mL. Root and leaf methanolic extracts exhibited activity at MICs of 5 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively, against both tested fungi. Dichloromethane and methanolic extracts exhibited antibacterial activity with MICs ranging from 2.5 - 10 mg/mL and 0.625 - 5 mg/mL, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts of T. vogelii revealed potentiality of bioactives against fungal and bacterial diseases.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Antimicrobial activities of Tephrosia vogelii against selected pathogenic fungi and bacteria strains
    (2020) Mlozi, Stephano Hanolo; Mmongoyo, Juma, A; Chacha, Musa
    Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans are dangerous pathogens causing fungal diseases. C. albicans and C. neoformans developed resistance to fungicides such as fluconazole. Similarly, pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi have become resistant to antibiotcs such as methicillin. Thus, searching for alternative antimicrobial agents is inevitable. Tephrosia vogelii used traditionally for management of fungal and bacterial diseases is potential source of antimicrobial agents. It is in this vein that, antimicrobial activities of leaf and root extracts of T. vogelii were evaluated against C. albicans (ATCC 90028), C. neoformans (clinical isolate), S. aureus (ATCC25923), E. coli (ATCC29953), K. pneumoniae (ATCC 700603) and S. typhi (NCTC 8385). A two-fold serial dilution method using the sterilised 96 wells of polystyrene microlitre plates used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts. Hexane and dichloromethane extracts exhibited the lowest activity against fungi strains with MICs >10 mg/mL. Root and leaf methanolic extracts exhibited activity at MICs of 5 and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively, against both tested fungi. Dichloromethane and methanolic extracts exhibited antibacterial activity with MICs ranging from 2.5 - 10 mg/mL and 0.625 - 5 mg/mL, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts of T. vogelii revealed potentiality of bioactives against fungal and bacterial diseases.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Antimycobaterial and antibacterial activities of extracts from Caesalpinia bonduc ( L .) Roxb
    (2017) Mlozi, Stephano Hanolo
    Aim of study: The study focused on searching bioactives that can be used to combat pathogenic microbes from leaves, stem wood and stem bark of Caesalpinia bonduc Roxb. Background: Many pathogenic microbes have developed resistance to most of the recommended first line and second line drugs. Antimicrobial resistances endanger the control of infectious diseases by increasing morbidity and mortality and impose massive costs on societies in both developed and developing countries. Medicinal plants used for treatment of infectious diseases are potential of bioactives to combat this problem. Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb is ethnomedically used by communities in Africa and India but little is known on the bioactive compounds therefrom. In order to know the bioactive on other parts of this plant it contains, it was necessary to undertake phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial analysis of extracts. Material and Method: The plant materials of Caesalpinia bonduc were collected from Kisakasaka mangrove reserve, Zanzibar. Micro-organisms were collected from Department of Microbiology at MUHAS. Methanol, chloroform and n-hexane extracts from stem wood, stem bark and leaves of Caesalpinia bonduc were evaluated for antimicrobials. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC29953) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC25922). Antimycobacterial activity was performed against two non-pathogenic mycobacteria species namely Mycobacteria indicus pranii and Mycobacteria madagascariense. The two-fold serial dilution method was used to evaluate MIC for antimicrobial activities. Chromatographic techniques employed in sequential extractions. Results: Extracts with high activity had MIC of 2.5 mg/mL while extracts with low activity had MIC of 5.0 mg/mL. Conclusion: Antimicrobial activity exhibited by extracts indicated that, Caesalpinia bonduc is a potential for bioactive metabolites which can be used as leads for the development of antimicrobial agents.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    GC-MS analysis of bioactive phytochemicals from methanolic leaf and root extracts of Tephrosia vogelii
    (Elsevier, 2022-07) Mlozi, Stephano Hanolo; Mmongoyo, Juma, A; Musa, Chacha, N
    The objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical compounds present in methanolic root and leaf extracts of Tephrosia vogelii. The plant species is found in the genus Tephrosia and family Fabaceae. Phytochemical screening was conducted to determine the nature of secondary metabolites while Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, (GC-MS) was conducted to determine the specific phyto-compounds present in the methanolic root and leaf extracts. Phytochemicals were ascertained based on molecular weights (m/z) acquired from GC-MS chromatograms. Phytocompounds were established through interpretation of spectral peaks and comparing data with stored databases from the National Institute Standard and Technique (NIST) library. Phytochemical screening revealed terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and saponins. GC-MS analysis furnished ten phytocompounds. These were; demethylmunduserone (1), sumatrol (2), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (3), 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one (4), (4R,5R,8S,8aS)-5-isopropyl-8-methyl-3-methylene-decahydroazulene-4,5,8-triol (5), deguelin (6), hexadecanoic acid (7), munduserone (8), tephrosin (9), and 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one (10). This study reports compounds 1, 2, 3, 7 and 8 for the first time from this species. Evidently, the reported pharmacological properties of these phytochemicals support the ethnomedical use of T. vogelii for the traditional health care exclusively in the treatment of diseases such as fungal and bacterial, inflammatory, and cancer diseases, as well as the management of pests and ecto-parasites. Phytochemical components identified in this study advocate the presence of ethnomedical and phytopharmaceutical versality of T. vogelii that could be used in the antimicrobial drug formulation studies.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    In vitro Evaluation of the Herbal Cream Formulation from Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f for Topical Application
    (Springer, 2023-02-08) Mlozi, Stephano Hanolo; Mmongoyo, Juma, A; Musa, Chacha, N
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The In vivo toxicity evaluation of leaf and root methanolic extracts of Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f using animal model
    (Springer, 2020-11-10) Mlozi, Stephano Hanolo; Mmongoyo, Juma, A; Musa, Chacha, N
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The role of natural products from medicinal plants against COVID-19: traditional medicine practice in Tanzania
    (Elsevier, 2022-06-15) Mlozi, Stephano Hanolo
    The Role of Natural Products from Medicinal Plants against COVID-19: Traditional Medicine Practice in Tanzania Stephano Hanolo Mlozi University of Dar es Salaam, Mkwawa University College of Education, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 2513, Iringa, Tanzania Corresponding email: stephanom7@gmail.com ABSTRACT Background: Pandemic COVID-19 is a dangerous disease caused by a new coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). There is non-reliable drug or vaccine available to combat for SARS-CoV-2. More efforts to search for antiviral agents against COVID-19 are obligatory, whereas phytochemicals are potent solution. Thus, this study involved phytochemical screening and examining medicinal plants used to combat COVID-19 in Tanzania. Methods: The plant materials were collected from practitioners. The plant extracts were then subjected for qualitative phytochemical screening so as to identify the nature of secondary metabolites. Results: Eucalyptus species, pepper, berries, ginger, garlic, onions and lemon were identified as commonly plants used. The flavonoids, tannins, fatty acids, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins were identified through phytochemical screening. Identified natural phytocompounds revealed to be potential in exhibiting antiviral activities by disrupting the viral life cycle including viral entrance, replication, assembly, and discharge, as well as virus-specific host targets. Thus, this prompt increasing of pharmaceutical industry focused on phytochemical extracts from medicinal plants, and aromatic herbs in the hopes of discovering lead compounds, with purposeful to antiviral medications. Conclusion: The medicinal plants and phytocompounds revealed to have significant role due to their substantial antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. The noted natural products inspire collective efforts in determination and gathering funds to support scientific researchers to investigate more phytochemicals from medicinal plants for development of antiviral drug against COVID-19.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Topical application of juices from fresh leaves of Lycopersicon esculentum against fungal skin infections in Tanzania
    (2018) Mlozi, Stephano Hanolo
    Background: Skin fungal infection is one of the global problem nowadays. The aim of the study was focused to examine the antifungal activity of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaf juices (extracts) for topical application against fungal skin infections. Methodology: The juices were topically used to fungal skin infected area. Topical application of the juices from fresh leaves to the skin affected by fungi was conducted three times a day for seven days. Results: Infected skin areas were healed maximum for seven days. Healing of infected skin indicated that juices from tomato leaves were having chemical substances with antifungal activities. Conclusion: The study gave information that, we can use tomato leaf juices for against fungal infections. Moreover, promised bioactives need to be isolated and elucidated for consideration in synthesizing and development of fungal agents that can be used for topical application in management of fungal skin infections.