Browsing by Author "Mgaya, James"

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    Aromatic Bio-Based Solvents
    (John Wiley & Sons, 2017-06-30) Mubofu, Egid B.; Mgaya, James; Munissi, Joan J.E
    This chapter focuses on alkylresorcinols (AR) and cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) as bio‐based solvents from agricultural produce and waste. It highlights the possible biological sources for bio‐based aromatics, such as cereals and CNS wastes, and the techniques for their extraction. The chapter also introduces the possible potential applications of these extracts as solvents or reagents in the production of functional or platform chemicals. The competitive advantage of utilizing agricultural by‐products or wastes, such as cereal bran and CNSs, as renewable bio‐resources for the production of aromatic bio‐based solvents is manifested in non‐interference with food supply and their contributions towards waste minimization. Thus, this chapter centres its discussion onaromatic bio‐based solvents from agricultural by‐products and waste materials, and emphases on resorcinolic lipids and CNSL. Basically, there are three methods used to extract CNSL from the shells: solvent extraction, thermal extraction and mechanical extraction
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    Cashew nut shell: a potential bio-resource for the production of bio-sourced chemicals
    (Green Chemistry, 2019) Mgaya, James; Shombe, Ginena B; Masikane, Siphamandla C; Mlowe, Sixberth; Mubofu, Egid B; Revaprasadu, Neerish
    Exploitation of agricultural waste as green starting materials to produce various valuable products is attracting the attention of academic, industrial and other practitioners. Cashew nut shell (CNS) and its liquid extract (CNSL) in particular have been identified as agro-wastes rich in valuable and functional renewable products. The unique structural features of the CNSL constituents offer the possibility for different modifications to suit various applications. This review article provides recent developments in CNS and CNSL as green sources for use in the production of biorenewable chemicals, materials and energy. Extraction methods and applications of CNS, CNSL and isolates are discussed. Furthermore, a literature survey of the current status and efforts made on the utilization of these agricultural and food wastes for different applications is well outlined.