Browsing by Author "Mfinanga, David A."
Now showing 1 - 20 of 34
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item An Analysis of Minibus Transport Operational Problems in Dar es Salaam(2013-07) Madinda, Erick; Mfinanga, David A.The problems of public transport are varied and more evident in developing cities such as Dar es Salaam, which are experiencing rapid demographic and economic growth. The minibus sector continues to provide public bus transport services, dominating every route in Dar es Salaam city. Minibus transport service provision in Dar es Salaam city has been characterised by a very harsh operational environment which has contributed to unreliable, uncomfortable and unsafe transport services in the industry. This paper is focused on identifying the existing minibus transport operational problems, analysing the cause of these problems and suggesting possible ways of mitigating them. Basically, there is limited regulatory/institutional effectiveness and lack of a clear and comprehensive policy on public transport in Dar es Salaam. Minibus operators are subject to poor; regulation, standards of operation, and standard of maintenance of vehicles and related emissions. In addition, fares are controlled in a manner, which tends to satisfy social rather than economic factors. General traffic congestion and lack of enforcement of traffic laws/regulations creates a disorderly environment for operators to conform to acceptable standards and regulations. Policy reforms in the sector need to be directed towards; strengthening the institutional and regulatory framework in which public transport thrives, formalising the operators including the technical know-how necessary for orderly service sustenance and reforming the public bus transport system by introducing the direct competitive tendering regime where operators compete to operate. These can bring quality operation with commercial benefits at minimal social problems.Item Challenges and Opportunities for the Integration of Commuter Minibus Operators into the Dar es Salaam City BRT System(CODATU XV: The Role of Urban Mobility in (re) shaping Cities, 2012) Mfinanga, David A.Public transport in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania, is currently provided by about 5,000 licensed, small capacity and privately owned commuter minibuses commonly known as ‘Daladala’. The service offered is generally poor and unsafe, lacking professionalism, efficiency, quality and safety for the commuters. Daladalas have also largely contributed to the increasing traffic congestion in the city and have failed to provide efficient transport for the growing population in the city. These factors compelled the City Council to consider the introduction of a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system in the city, namely DART system, which is being implemented by the Dar Rapid Transit Agency (DART). The DART system is planned in six phases to cover the six major corridors/ arterial roads in Dar es Salaam City and Phase One, which is currently under construction, will cover about 21 km of trunk route. There is therefore a need to plan on what to do with the Daladalas that will be affected by the implementation of the DART system and as much as possible facilitate for their integration into the system. This paper aims at identifying the challenges and opportunities for the Daladala operators to participate in the provision and operation of DART buses and as a result shed light on how best existing operators can be integrated into the new system or catered for otherwise.Item Comparative Analysis of Public Transport Systems in African Cities(Southern African Transport Conference (31st : 2012 : Pretoria, South Africa); Minister of Transport, South Africa, 2012-07) Roux, Y. E.; Mfinanga, David A.; Del Mistro, Romano F.This paper discusses the application of an assessment methodology on three African cities; Cape Town, Nairobi and Dar es Salaam. The purpose of the methodology is to do a comprehensive study on the performance of public transport systems in these cities. The methodology is used to describe, discuss and evaluate the public transport systems. A set of components and characteristics are needed to describe a public transport system of a city. The public transport goals and objectives of the cities are used to create a set of key performance indicators that will be used to evaluate and compare the public transport systems of the cities. The evaluation and comparison of the key performance indicators of public transport systems makes it possible to find realistic values for public transport objectives and to also build a database of the performance results. These results can be compared across different years to evaluate whether there has been any improvement in performance and if the strategies implemented are achieving the expected results. In this paper, the characteristics of the public transport systems of Cape Town, Nairobi and Dar es Salaam are described in detail as well as the evaluation of the performance of the public transport systems for all three cities. The results from the assessment on the three cities are compared across each other to give a clear overview of the public transport systems of the case cities. The aim of this paper is to present the results from the application of the assessment methodology on the three case cities. The results will represent the current status quo and qualities of the public transport systems of the case cities.Item Development of a Model for Assessing Urban Public Transport Level of Service in Cities of Developing Nations(Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Practice, 2006) Mfinanga, David A.; Ochieng’, Meshack O. A.This paper summarises a research study that was conducted within the city of Dar es Salaam whose main goal was to formulate an all-inclusive revealed preference model for assessing urban public transport system Level of Service (LoS) as perceived by passengers in cities of developing nations. Using HCM guidelines, the model has been used to derive the urban public transport Level of Service thresholds, and a further description of the attributes of the LoS letter grades A to F. The model assigns Level of Service thresholds for urban public transport system using “Equivalent Travel Time” which represents a quantification that takes into consideration all the urban transport journey episodes/components and includes both physical relationships and subjective assessments.Item Effect of Inadequate Design on Cost and Time Overrun of Road Construction Projects in Tanzania(Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management, 2014) Rwakarehe, Eradius E.; Mfinanga, David A.Completing road construction projects within the budget and time has been a problem for the Tanzania National Roads Agency (TANROADS); and the major problem highlighted in almost all projects being inadequate design. However, the extent to which inadequate design contributes to both time and cost overruns and its causes remained under-studied. The objective of this study is therefore to determine the extent of the effect of inadequate design, its causes and remedial measures. The methodology used in this study includes reviewing recent projects completion reports, holding roundtable discussions with consultants and TANROADS officials and analyzing the information. Cost and time overruns for the reviewed projects averaged 44% and 26% respectively. Similarly, the extents to which inadequate design contributes to cost and time overruns were on average found to be 61% and 85% respectively. The overruns are predominantly related to problems that occurred during the design process. To alleviate the problem, TANROADS is advised to improve the management of design projects, enhance the process of reviewing design reports, improve the design process including introducing Road Safety Audit and geometric design manuals, and increase staff to match the work-load.Item An evaluation of policy approaches to upgrading and integrating paratransit in African urban public transport systems: results of the first round of a Delphi survey(CODATU XV: The Role of Urban Mobility in (re) shaping Cities, 2012) Behrens, Roger; McCormick, D.; Mfinanga, David A.Most African urban public transport systems are heavily reliant upon minibus paratransit. Under the influence of international development agencies, over the past decade, a number of Sub-Saharan African city governments have embarked upon the initial phases, or at least proposed the installation, of high quality and technology bus rapid transit as a means of reforming public transport systems and replacing paratransit services. The aim of the study presented in this paper is to test a series propositions regarding the likely outcome of contemporary public transport reform strategies, and to explore which approaches to upgrading and integrating paratransit services hold greatest promise. The means of pursuing this objective is through the administration of a two-wave Delphi expert panel survey. The paper reports upon the results of the first round of the (n=17) Delphi survey. The panel of experts was selected on the basis of their experience in designing and preparing paratransit upgrade and integration projects in Sub-Saharan African cities. The panel identified quality regulation, road space prioritisation and operator business training as particularly important in strategies to upgrade existing services, and identified connecting corridors, feeder area licensing and reward schemes as particularly promising for strategies to integrate paratransit with formal scheduled services. While contested, the majority view of the panel was that the prospect of comprehensive paratransit replacement in Sub-Saharan African cities in the short- to medium-term seems remote. It was forecast that cities able to install formal scheduled services will depend, for decades, on hybrid systems that combine both scheduled and paratransit operators. Sub-Saharan African city government formulating much-needed strategies to reform their public transport systems should recognise the enduring presence of paratransit services, not ignore them.Item ICT as a tool for Development of Traffic Control Systems(2011) Ndyetabura Hamisi Y.; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari M. M.; Mvungi, Nerey. H.; Mfinanga, David A.Item ICT as a tool for Development of Traffic Control Systems (2011) Ndyetabura, Hamisi Y.; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari M. M.; Mvungi, Nerey. H.; Mfinanga, David A.The application of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in Intelligent Traffic Control System (ITCS), is expected to improve the performance of road transportation significantly. Public policy makers, among others, are therefore increasingly interested in the implementation possibilities of these systems. However, current knowledge ITS implementation issues is poor with respect to technological requirements for its implementation. The contribution of ITS to general transport policy goals and theItem Impact of Incidents on Traffic Congestion in Dar es Salaam City(Multi Science Publishing, 2013-06-01) Mfinanga, David A.; Fungo, EmmanuelPoorly managed traffic incidents have largely contributed to congestion and delay in the city of Dar es Salaam. A thorough understanding of travel delays caused by incidents is therefore essential for effective countermeasures against the increasing congestion. The method used to determine delays in this research is based on the deterministic queuing theory. Information on incidents was obtained from traffic surveys, traffic police and road users. Counting the number of vehicles passing the incident location was done on incident and incident-free days. The cumulative traffic counts on incident and incident-free days were then calculated and used to plot the queuing diagram used to determine incident induced delay. This method turned out to be a useful tool for estimating incident induced delay in areas with less sophisticated equipment i.e. where there are no sensors, closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras, etc. The method provided good estimates of incident induced delay which may help planners and transportation officials in better understanding incident related congestion and in selecting more effective countermeasures against incident related traffic congestion in the city. It was found out that the effects of incidents were different for the different zones, types of incidents and the periods the incident occurred. In addition to the incident duration and the number of vehicles affected, the impact of incidents also depended on availability of alternative routes, number of lanes on the road, discipline of the driver in manoeuvring at incident location and traffic control at the scene.Item Impacts of Ad-Hoc Public Transport Systems Provision on the Physical (Property) Development of Dar Es Salaam City(2013-07) Ka'bange, Abdi; Mfinanga, David A.Development of an integrated public transport system is very essential for achievement of social, economic and environmental requirements of the people in the cities worldwide. For African cities, the need is more pronounced since public transport is almost a forgotten sector while the demand for the same is very high. Provision for public transport systems in African cities hardly considers the future socio-economic, physical and technical requirements of the systems despite the fact that the present and the forecasted modal splits for public to private transport put public transport on the higher magnitude. This paper discusses the impacts of developing public transport system on an ad-hoc basis to the city and property development. Findings reveal that ad-hoc implementation of the public transport systems has an insignificant effect on redressing the city public transport problems. It has, instead, negatively impacted the people through loss of their properties by demolition, loss of income through disrupted livelihood activities, and creation of bad relations between the people and the city authority. Other impacts include disruption of the Transit Oriented Development (TOD), existence of improper physical development especially along the major roads and loss of revenue to the government through property tax, business license fees and monthly returns from businesses. Planning and implementing an integrated public transport system that has been accepted by city residents, harmonising the land use and transport related legal provisions and exercising justice in compensation, are among the necessary actions to be taken for achievement of effective public transport systems provision in the city.Item Ineffective human control of signalised intersections in developing countries; Case of Dar es Salaam city(Sciencedirect, 2014-11-30) Mfinanga, David A.Intersections constitute one of the major bottlenecks on road networks that exacerbate congestion; effective control of which is an important strategy in improving traffic flow. While signals can cost-effectively control traffic at intersections, African countries have adopted an increasing trend across the developing world of overriding traffic signals and instead letting traffic police officers guide vehicles. This study has compared the performance of two major signalised intersections in Dar es Salaam city in Tanzania, when operating under the traffic signal and when the traffic police officer is controlling the intersection. Results show that the traffic police officer is not improving the performance of the intersection but rather makes sure that drivers observe traffic rules. The capacity and delay are improved on some approaches of intersections and worsened on others. The findings dispute the widely held view that traffic police officers do a better job than the signals. It has therefore been concluded that simple improvements on signal timing and improving driver’s behaviour through improved enforcement of traffic regulations can better and cost-effectively improve the performance of intersections.Item An international review of paratransit regulation and integration experiences: Lessons for public transport system rationalisation and improvement in African cities(4th international conference on future urban transport: access and mobility for the cities of tomorrow, Göteborg, April, 2009-04-19) Schalekamp, Herrie; Mfinanga, David A.; Wilkinson, Peter; Behrens, RogerItem An Introduction to Paratransit in Sub-Saharan African Cities(Routledge, 2015-09-07) Behrens, Roger; McCormick, Dorothy; Mfinanga, David A.1 Background This book deals with the regulation and reform of public transport services provided by small operators in Sub-Saharan African cities. How these services are operated, and the role they play in broader passenger transport systems, are not well understood. Indeed, the terminology used to describe the services themselves is inconsistent. In this book the term 'paratransit'is used (see Box 1.1).Item Intrusion Detection by Penetration Test in an Organization Network(IEEE, 2009) Ndyetabura Hamisi Y.; Mvungi, Nerey H.; Mfinanga, David A.; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari M. M.This paper presents a study made on network security in an organization's local area network (LAN). Intrusion detection test in a campus network was performed using penetration test methods and the results analyzed. The objectives were to identify different form of network attacks and methods used to capture the hacking. During the study, the risks and attacks caused by hackers to the network were evaluated. The results obtained are seen as a good indicator of the security state of the network. Hence, an organization network that responds well to penetration test can be given a certificate. Such certificate will provide a positive sign and confidence to the network users. The study was conducted in a dynamic situation by doing experiments during different periods of time. The case study was a campus LAN, The network administrator permitted network information like Internet protocol (IP) address to be gathered and analyzed and to performed the penetration test that enabled , hackers and attackers methods to be dentified. It was realized that 90% of network the users has no fear of the network security risk inspite of the finding that network security rating of the case study is at 50 percent.Item Intrussion Detection by Penetration Test in an Organization Network(IEEE xplore Digital Library, 2009-01-14) Ndyetabura, Hamisi Y.; Mvungi, Nerey, H.; Mfinanga, David A.; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari M. M.This paper presents a study made on network security in an organization's local area network (LAN). Intrusion detection test in a campus network was performed using penetration test methods and the results analyzed. The objectives were to identify different form of network attacks and methods used to capture the hacking. During the study, the risks and attacks caused by hackers to the network were evaluated. The results obtained are seen as a good indicator of the security state of the network. Hence, an organization network that responds well to penetration test can be given a certificate. Such certificate will provide a positive sign and confidence to the network users. The study was conducted in a dynamic situation by doing experiments during different periods of time. The case study was a campus LAN, The network administrator permitted network information like internet protocol (IP) address to be gathered and analyzed and to performed the penetration test that enabled , hackers and attackers methods to be dentified. It was realized that 90% of network the users has no fear of the network security risk inspite of the finding that network security rating of the case study is at 50 percent.Item Intrussion Detection by Penetration Test in an Organization Network(IEEE, 2009) Hamisi, Ndyetabura Y.; Mvungi, Nerey H.; Mfinanga, David A.; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari M. M.This paper presents a study made on network security in an organization’s local area network (LAN). Intrusion detection test in a campus network was performed using penetration test methods and the results analyzed. The objectives were to identify different form of network attacks and methods used to capture the hacking. During the study, the risks and attacks caused by hackers to the network were evaluated. The results obtained are seen as a good indicator of the security state of the network. Hence, an organization network that responds well to penetration test can be given a certificate. Such certificate will provide a positive sign and confidence to the network users. The study was conducted in a dynamic situation by doing experiments during different periods of time. The case study was a campus LAN, The network administrator permitted network information like internet protocol (IP) address to be gathered and analyzed and to performed the penetration test that enabled , hackers and attackers methods to be dentified. It was realized that 90% of network the users has no fear of the network security risk inspite of the finding that network security rating of the case study is at 50 percent.Item Intrussion Detection by Penetration Test in an Organization Network(IEEE xplore Digital Library, 2009) Ndyetabura, Hamisi Y.; Mvungi, Nerey H.; Mfinanga, David A.; Mwinyiwiwa, Bakari M. M.This paper presents a study made on network security in an organization's local area network (LAN). Intrusion detection test in a campus network was performed using penetration test methods and the results analyzed. The objectives were to identify different form of network attacks and methods used to capture the hacking. During the study, the risks and attacks caused by hackers to the network were evaluated. The results obtained are seen as a good indicator of the security state of the network. Hence, an organization network that responds well to penetration test can be given a certificate. Such certificate will provide a positive sign and confidence to the network users. The study was conducted in a dynamic situation by doing experiments during different periods of time. The case study was a campus LAN, The network administrator permitted network information like internet protocol (IP) address to be gathered and analyzed and to performed the penetration test that enabled , hackers and attackers methods to be dentified. It was realized that 90% of network the users has no fear of the network security risk inspite of the finding that network security rating of the case study is at 50 percent.Item A Methodology for Comparative Analysis of Public Transport Systems in Africa Cities(Document Transformation Technologies, 2011) Roux, Y. E.; Del Mistro, Romano F.; Mfinanga, David A.The large and mostly impoverished populations of African cities are dependant on public transport. In most African cities, private vehicle ownership and traffic is increasing rapidly, scheduled or formal public transport systems are declining or have disappeared altogether and the unscheduled or informal paratransit systems that have replaced them are unsafe and offer a low quality service. A problem with public transport planning in many African cities is that public transport is either poorly planned or not planned at all. This is due to the fact that there is a lack of adequate information and planning framework to guide decision makers and that they either select inappropriate systems based on those used in developed countries or allow private operators to decide. It is the responsibility of government to ensure that public transport systems meet the needs of the communities they serve and political decision-makers need to make the right decisions for the development of public transport. Precise and relevant performance indicators and statistics may give a clear overview of the public transport systems of cities and will help to monitor the benefits of implementing efficient systems. Therefore a need exits to develop a methodology to assess public transport systems in African cities. The aim of this paper is to set out a methodology to describe, discuss, and compare public transport systems in African cities. The paper will only discuss the assessment methodology, and the application of the methodology will be discussed in a future paper.Item The Nature of Paratransit Operations(Routledge, 2015-09-07) McCormick, Dorothy; Schalekamp, Herrie; Mfinanga, David A.Against the background of transport in general in Cape Town, Nairobi and Dar es Salaam, presented in the preceding chapter, this chapter narrows the focus to paratransit. The chapter explores paratransit ownership, regulation and services to answer three main questions:(1) How do paratransit services operate?(2) What are the benefits associated with paratransit services? and (3) What are the problems associated with paratransit services? 1 This chapter is not an attempt to duplicate work such as that of Cervero (2000), which..,Item Paradoxes of establishing mass rapid transit systems in african cities – A case of Dar es Salaam Rapid Transit (DART) system, Tanzania(Sciencedirect, 2014-12) Ka'bange, Abdi; Mfinanga, David A.; Hema, EdwinAfrican cities are growing rapidly both demographically and physically. It is estimated by 2050 the population of African cities will triple from 410 million in 2010 to 1.23 billion. The ensuing travel demand is expected to aggravate chaos in transport systems for almost all major African cities. This paper analyses the emerging paradoxes in the BRT system in Dar as Salaam city where the provision of an organized, affordable and cost-effective public transport system has been eagerly awaited by city residents. However, the Dar Rapid Transit (DART) system, recently established, has astonishingly witnessed opposition from some of the city residents. Findings reveal that the underlying reasons for this paradoxical situation include absence of a current land use plan, ineffective land use control and little adherence to the legal provision for property compensation and resettlement. Lack of common understanding between the government and the affected people, deters the implementation of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system in the city. A well organised and inclusive framework of stakeholders and a well structured information dissemination system are the pillars on which successful MRT system can be built. Compensation payment to affected people, at market price, cannot be avoided in MRT development.