Research Repository :: Browsing by Author "Mboma, Lucy Mary"

Browsing by Author "Mboma, Lucy Mary"

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Antecedents and Consequences of Business Trust in Retailing and Wholesaling in Tanzania
(Dar es Salaam University press, 2014) Mboma, Lucy Mary; Philemon, John R. M.
The objective of the study was to explore antecedents and consequences of trust between suppliers and retailers in Tanzania. Cases were studied in detail to understand suppliers and retailers relationships. The study shows various sources of trust in retailing and wholesaling to include: paying promptly, paying as agreed, having a guarantor (prominent business person, a politician, ward office, clergy, a known customer), group protection, growing business, long-term buyer from the same supplier, regular customer, and background (knowing parents, brother, sister, schoolmates or, college or friends. There was also an indication of trust by virtue of race or ethnicity or sharing same geographical background, duration of time in business, growing business, increasing purchases, operating at a known location, guarantee from a credible business person, marital status, sex (women were considered more trustworthy), age of the person (where older age was considered to have more wisdom, experience and could not run away). There was conditional trust for who proved not worthy, whose factors were openness and transparency, similarity in values, similarity in ethics, quality products, client focus, and progress made in business that differentiated the traders. The results have implications to management policy and practices. It is recommended that customers should be studied so as establish trust factors that are more important for establishing relationship with increased business and growth
ATITUDE, USAGE OF SIM-BANKING SERVICES AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN TANZANIA,
(African Journal of Finance Management, Vol. 20, number 1 p25-41, IFM, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 2012) Mboma, Lucy Mary; Phelician, Ernest
The sim-mobile banking service is one of self-service technologies in which customers can access their accounts at any time and be able to transact from the comfort of their mobile phones. The objective of this research was to assess attitude, usage and customer satisfaction for sim-mobile banking or sms-banking services. Having knowledge provide attitude to use sim-mobile banking service, that either contribute to customers satisfaction or not. This research adopted a positivist research paradigm that investigated two banks, drawing females and males respondents from various sectors of the economy. The results show that sim-mobile banking services were known by customers from public, private, Self employment, Manufacturing, Service, Student and unemployed sectors. The sector in which a person worked did not affect an individual’s decision to use or not to use the service. Students did not use the service because they did not have regular incomes. Awareness of the sim/mobile banking service contributed to positive attitude on the services offered. 35.2% of the respondents said they were satisfied, an indication of positive attitude toward sim-banking services while 30.6% said they were not satisfied. Those satisfied customers had knowledge, attitude and used sim-mobile banking expressed by 94% of the respondents. Scrutiny on usage frequency and satisfaction some used only once in a week (28.6%) but (2.5%) were dissatisfied, (9.5%) neutral and (16.6%) satisfied. For those who used the service several times in a week, all were satisfied where Spearman correlation coefficient test showed positive correlation (0.415) between customers’ satisfaction with service providers and bank services, supporting the claimed that satisfaction led to high usage of the sim-mobile banking service. 23.6% of all the respondents maintained neutral position who did not want exposing ignorance about the use of sim-mobile banking services. Problems affecting use and satisfaction were i) information un-availability, no visible or common efforts to persuade customers advocated by banks providing usefulness of sim-mobile banking services. ii) On the side of the non-users security of their asset-cash and high service charge (overpriced); iii) Unavailability and delay of the service when needed; and iii) Other service providers and collaborations networks of stakeholders inefficiencies. The results have implications to policy and management practices. The limiting business environmental factors need –policy guidance. The study recommends more promotion on sim-mobile banking services, clearing security issues and service charges through differentiated pricing and practice market segmentation. In conclusion, knowledge provides positive attitude on the use of sim-mobile banking services offers.
‘ATM and customer satisfaction: a case of banking industry in Tanzania’ , in .
(Lucy. M. Mboma (2005) ‘ATM and customer satisfaction: a case of banking industry in Tanzania’ , in African Journal of Finance Management, IFM, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania., 2005) Mboma, Lucy Mary
ATM AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: A CASE OF BANKING INDUSTRY IN TANZANIA(By Lucy. M. Mboma) An Abstract This paper presents effects of ATMs on customer satisfaction in the Tanzanian banking sector. It is a new way of accessing banking services necessitated by customers’ business needs and is enabled by fast changing technology. Due to achievements brought by increased utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in society, the banking industry has introduced automated Teller Machines (ATMs). ATMs provide new method of dispensing customer services expected to increase efficiency, sales performance, and enhancing customer satisfaction. Three different banks were used as a case study in order to avoid bias and provide general impressions on ATM used by customers. Customers interviewed outside banks were free to express their views minimizing bias of saying only positive aspects about ATMs. Consulted secondary sources of information provided understanding and challenges facing ATMs the world over. The study establishes that ATM services enhance operation and customer satisfaction in terms of flexibility on time access. ATMs add value in terms of speed handling of voluminous transactions for which traditional services were unable to handle efficiently and expediently. The magnitude of this satisfaction is reduced by technology and processing failures, perception that service delivery mode is expensive and insecure surroundings for stand alone ATMs, which creates customer dissatisfaction. In consideration of people with disabilities such as blindness and wheel chaired people negates the role of serving customers, as they cannot access ATMs. The potential of usage rate of ATM services continues to increase the banking sector’s competitive edge and numbers will rise in ten years to come in Tanzania. This provides opportunities to overseas manufacturers and maintenance service providers including skill-training opportunities to academic institutions.
ATM and Customer Satisfaction: A Case of the Banking Industry in Tanzania
(African Journal of Finance and Management, 2006) Mboma, Lucy Mary
This paper presents the effects of ATMs on customer satisfaction in the Tanzanian banki ng sector. It is a new way of accessing banking services necessitated by customers' bustne s needs and is enabled by fast changing technology. Due to achievements brought about increased utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in society, t e banking industry has introduced Automated Teller Machines (ATMs). ATMs provide a n w method of dispensing customer services which are expected to increase efficiency, sa es performance, and enhance customer satisfaction. Three different banks were used as a case study in order to a void bias and provide general impressions on ATM use by c usto ersf Customers interviewed outside banks were free to express their views minimizing the bi S 0d saying only positive things aboutATMs. Consulted secondary sources of information provide understanding and challenges facing ATMs the world over. . The study establishes that ATM services enhance operations and customer satisfaction in terms of flexibility of time. ATMs add value in terms of speedy handling of voluminous transactions which traditional services were unable to handle efficiently and expediently. The level of this satisfaction is reduced by technological and processing failures, the percepton that the service de1ivery mode is expensive and insecure regarding stand-alone ATMs, which creates customer disatisfaction. There is no consideration being given to people disabilities such as blindness and people in wheel chair negates the role of serving customers, as they cannot access ATMs. The potenttal usage rate of ATM services will continue to increase the banking sector's competitive edge and numbers will rise in ten years to come in Tanzania. This provides opportunities to overseas manufacturers and maintenance service providers including skill-training opportunities for academic institutions.
Attitude and Usage of SIM-Banking Services and Customer Satisfaction in Tanzania
(African Journal of Finance and Management, 2011) Mboma, Lucy Mary; Phelician, Ernest
SIM-mobile banking service is one of self-service technologies through which customers can access their accounts at any time, and can transact from the comfort of their mobile phones. The objective of this research was to assess the attitude, usage and customer satisfaction for SIM-mobile banking or sms-banking services. The study adopted a positivist research paradigm that investigated two banks, drawing females and males respondents from various sectors of the economy. The results show that sim-mobile banking services were known by customers from public, private, self-employed, manufacturing, service, student and unemployed sectors. The sector in which a person worked did not affect an individual’s decision to use or not to use the service. Students did not use the service because they did not have regular incomes. Awareness of the sim/mobile banking service contributed to positive attitude on the services offered. Problems affecting the use of sim-mobile banking and customer satisfaction included the lack of information on the usefulness of sim-mobile banking services, customers’ fear of the security of their accounts, high service charges, and unreliability of the services. Thus, the study recommends more promotion of sim-mobile banking services, clearing security issues and reducing service charges through differentiated pricing and practice market segmentation.
The Changes in Retailing in Tanzania: An Evolution or a Revolution? The Case of Dar es Salaam
(Business Management Review, DUP DSM, 2001-07) Mboma, Lucy Mary
Abstract Changes have taken place in retail stores and institutions in Dar es Salaam since the introduction of trade liberalisation in 1985. The emerging changes include new types of retail businesses, stores, merchandise assortments, ownership, stores’ physical appearance and layout, new locations and large stores. New business environment that allows private ownership and initiatives in the running of the economy competitively and retailers who are market driven and those with entrepreneurial behaviour influence the changes. The competitive environment challenge retailers who have to design strategies that attract and change consumer behaviour and buy from their stores. The retailer’s appeal to market needs through marketing strategies that focus on retail mix factors -the physical structure and location of the retail stores, merchandise assortment and pricing, customer care and services. The supply system supports the changes because manufacturers and importers are continuously providing variety, complementary and substitute goods. The retail stores are different from each other due to differential knowledge of marketing skills by retailers such that each retail owner creates impressive positions in their stores in order to provide value to end users, convenience and bargain in some goods or services offered. The noted changes of the retail sector are evolving gradually and take place where finances are available. Revolution of the sector is not easy to come by because retailers are faced with problems, which are associated with low profits, bureaucracy, high taxes and poor physical environment. The trends of retail changes are identified showing implications for policy, manufacturers, retailers and consumers.
Diminishing Maasai Tourist Cultural Attributes In Tanzania: Formal Education Training Or Tourism Education’
(The African Journal of Marketing Issue 5:82-99, University of Dar es Salaam Press, 2010) Mboma, Lucy Mary
DIMINISHING MAASAI TOURIST CULTURAL ATTRIBUTES IN TANZANIA: FORMAL EDUCATION TRAINING OR TOURISM EDUCATION? (By Lucy Mary Mboma -University of Dar es Salaam) Abstract The Maasai of Tanzania have maintained their cultural attributes over the centuries. Their cultural values, norms, practices, behaviour and artefacts attract tourist visits even today. They are even considered conservative and hard to change despite of formal education training government and non-governmental organisation’s efforts to introduce health care, water supply, religion and other community services. The cultural tourism in Maasai is disappearing due to persistent drought, new land redistribution and tenure system, formal education, exposure to urban culture, modern life style, food and multimedia. Maasai cultural attribute and practices are diminishing fast. The situation observes deficiency in formal education curricular not embedded with tourism and marketing skills. The results have implications to Maasai and other cultures disappearing as a result of formal education and environmental changes. The study recommends tourism content in educational curricular as long term measures and short course to tour operators, hoteliers, travel agents etc as short term measure to preserve Maasai culture. Establishing cultural centres depicting Maasai life cycle as Viking village in York town–in the United Kingdom is another possible measure to preserve Maasaai culture. Such move will create investments, employment and stimulate other service sectors. Key words: Cultural tourism, Maasai culture preservation, formal education and curricular changes, environmental changes and marketing skills.
Environmental Awareness, Perception And Socioeconomic Implications Of Charcoal Production, Management And Utilization In The Lake Victoria Basin’ .
(The African Journal of Marketing, Tanzania, 2008-08) Mboma, Lucy Mary; Jokshan, , Kaheeru K.; Senelwa, Kingiri
Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) has become an area of research after dropping of water levels and other challenges emanating from use of the lake in the region. LVB’s deforestation has also reduced productivity affecting fishery industry, increased water runoff that washes more silt into Lake Victoria. Initiatives and sensitizations on environment protection have been going on for more than 20 years now, but no positive changes have taken place. Improved cook stoves and introduction of electricity, gas and coal have not yet taken a significant portion of energy sources in Mwanza and Mara. This is partly influenced by low household income levels. Solar and wind power have not yet been exploited fully in the areas. The study shows that charcoal production has not been perceived as destructive to environment for years until in the 1980s and 1990s when environmental programs were emphasized. Charcoal making encroaches forests those reducing adequate rains, rivers dry up reducing sufficient waters to fill Lake Victoria. The impact spilled to other areas of economy in particular agriculture that supports people lives. Awareness, perceptions and socio-economic implications to environment does not reflect well on charcoal production, marketing and use because actors were addressing poverty. Charcoal business contributes one fifth of house hold incomes. Charcoal making used traditional earth kilns that were inefficient to convert charcoal. Charcoal is illegal business in Mwanza and Mara and supposed to be regulated, however no or light enforcement practice was so widespread that the law virtually unenforceable. Unless an alternative business was found, people will continue producing charcoal. The results imply that no comprehensive plans focusing on charcoal making, marketing and use put in place besides general statement made about the product. As a result LVB on Tanzanian side has become bare in terms of tree cover and natural vegetation. Afforestation, agro-forestry and control of forest harvesting efforts have not stopped deforestation. Charcoal production and control are incoherent since selling at wholesaling, retail and use were legal (or accepted) but illegal at production and hauling it. Policies formulate stronger policies, directions and actions to LVB areas to protect rivers and the lake. Restoration of the LVB areas requires persistence, perseverance, commitment and constant communications that are persuasive to change and inspire people of Mwanza and Mara regions. Restoration of the old wetlands and forests need time to get vegetation growth and good cover.
HIV/AIDS: An economic and social Challenge to Women in Tanzania .
(WRDP, Gender and Development in Tanzania, IN Njau, A and Mruma, T,(eds) Tanzania, ., 1995) Mboma, Lucy Mary
HIV/AIDS: AN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CHALLENGE TO WOMEN IN TANZANIA By Mboma L M R The theme of the paper is HIV/AIDS – the world’s current major disease of concern. Although the ravages of IDS are currently felt by nations, communities and individuals, women bear more burden than men. This paper intends to demonstrate this fact by looking at the economic and social burden women have to carry in situations where AIDS has afflicted. Such analysis and review may help in: (1) Understanding some practices which spread the disease (2) Understanding the consequences of the disease in the society. (3) Providing the most appropriate approach towards targeting a particular intervention. Key Terms: HIV/AIDS, Economic, Social Change, women
Management of Gender relations and response to change at the University of Dar es Salaam: Some Reflections’,
(Tanzania Journal of Development Studies vol 1 and 2, Gender Issues in Institution of higher Learning: 50 years of gender Debates at the UDSM, 2011) Mboma, Lucy Mary
Abstract The objective of this article is to reflect about initiatives towards addressing gender relations at the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM). Pondering Tanzania, whether those initiatives evolved from within or were imposed on the institution by wider national and international processes. The establishment of the UDSM reflected the societal gender relations that influenced the perpetuation of gender inequalities in student’s admission, academic and administrative recruitments, and management of staff through policies, directives and government structures. Earlier initiatives directed by national politics and international organs covered at length. Later local strategies to enhance the gender equity portfolio, through steps such as affirmative action in enrolment, became prominent. Yet, to date, the gender agenda at the UDSM is still debatable, and the backlash of giving what I s claimed as ‘too much emphasis on the female’ prevails. The article questions whether the limited achievements are a reflection of the failure to deal with gender inequity at the primary level- the family level- so that gender equity becomes accepted and reflected in the wider societal relations. The article recommends that individuals be empowered with the right information to be able to address inequities from a personal level.
Marketing Philosophy and Marketing of Agricultural Products by Non-Governmental Organizations in Tanzania
(The African Journal of Business and Law, Uganda, Vol 2 no 2 June 2008 pp.179-204., 2008) Dev, Jan; Mboma, Lucy Mary
MARKETING PHILOSOPHY AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS BY NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN TANZANIA TRACK By: Dev Jani, dev@udbs.udsm.ac.tz and Lucy .M. Mboma, lmboma@udbs.udsm.ac.tz University of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania Abstract This paper reports on Tanzanian Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) that intervene in agricultural marketing; focusing on their marketing philosophies and support to agricultural marketing. The NGOs noted that they were in an environment free from competition. NGOS support offered to agricultural sector reflected their objectives. The study found that NGOs lacked applications of marketing philosophy. Business organized NGOs (BONGO) were found to offer support to agricultural marketing in a holistic manner with a potential of being marketing oriented. Those two findings implied Nongovernmental organization have to assess their positions to find if they were business –NGO or not and change their orientations. The study found NGOs operated in selected areas mostly those that were easily accessible, lacked marketing philosophy and community mobilization skills and use of local recourses. NGOs should partner with government and donors to scale up their operations in regions that need their services, especially in capacity building, advocacy, transport, and product support and business empowerment. The government may create a firm coordinating body comprising of diverse stakeholders from the government, NGOs, farmers and private sector acting as a think tank and a body to kick start appropriate initiatives to overcome their challenges. Key terms: Business organized NGOs (BONGO); Non-governmental organizations, marketing philosophy
Marketing Strategies and Customer Satisfaction of Women Hair Dressing Saloons in Dar Es Salaam ’
(African Journal of Marketing, 2008) Mboma, Lucy Mary
This paper presents marketing strategies and customer satisfaction in women owned hair dressing saloons in Dar es Salaam. Hair saloons offer different services including perming, plaiting and weaving, styling, and additional services on feet, hands, facial washing and nail polishing. The findings show that women saloons use different marketing strategies to influence customer’s overall satisfaction including establishing cordial relationships, variety and quality services, equipments used and varieties of hair products, location, and inside saloon promotion. Customer satisfaction level was low that was explained by challenges caused by services characteristics, failure to maintain quality factor. The quality factors are inappropriate saloon premises, health standards and safety, low level of education and lack of business skills. Marketing strategies were learnt from other service providers acquired from hospitality background embedded in culture. The results have implication to saloon marketing knowledge, policy and marketing management practices. Setting standards as policy guidance, enforced safety practices and minimum wages are enforced by local government for the industry. Vocational educational training Authority (VETA) centres are recommended to take the opportunity of training saloon owners and their workers (service providers). Saloon contribution to development provides incomes, creates job opportunities, creates drive demand of manufactured products (service inputs) and utilities (water and electricity), increase women empowerment and improved family welfare.
The Multi-dimensional Crisis of Education in Tanzania: Introductory Overview
(Dar es Salaam : University of Dar es Salaam Convocation, [2001?], 2001) Ishumi, Abel G.M.; Lwaitama, A.E.; Mtalo, E.G.; Mboma, Lucy Mary
Personal Decision Factors Influencing Investing In Capital Markets And Stock Exchange Performance In Tanzania: The Case Study Of Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange
(THE AFRICAN JOURNAL OF FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT, 2013-01) Mboma, Lucy Mary; Reuben, Josia
This study investigated personal decision factors influencing investing in Capital Market and Stock Exchange Performance in Tanzania, reflecting on motivation, abilities, ideas and resources framework developed by Durham business school. It also identified factors hindering individual investors from participating in capital markets in the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) in Tanzania, interviewing some shareholders and non-shareholders. The findings revealed that personal decision factors influencing investment in capital markets include: Awareness, Income level, Educational level, Age, Sex and experience on money markets (AIEASE, good stock performance in terms of high return, growth of earnings, the number of companies listed, types of products offered and market structure and past stock performances (RECHOS).DSE performance influencing factors were Past stock performance, Return on investment and Growth in earnings and competition from government securities and bonds (SGR).DSE performance was challenged by Illiquidity, low public Awareness, poor Economic situation, competition, Poor market infrastructure; low Interest rate, Insurance and savings (NAPI3ES). The lack of public awareness on DSE operations, poor marketing infrastructure, low savings hindered investment in such markets, DSE plus fear of loss of ownership and control by SMEs and family business owners, limited knowledge and information about stock (ignorance and mis-information), poverty and un-digitised stock market access infrastructure hinder both individual and corporate participation in stock market. The results have implications to Policy and management practices: i) Policy intervention is needed to streamline securities, bonds, DSE and financial institutions practices to bring equity in various products in money markets. ii) The DSE Management increase educational campaigns, upscale activities in cities, capacity building at CMSA and DSE and in high schools and colleges, hiring trained experts in marketing, research, market and modernization of the trading system.
Retail System Innovation Practices In Small and Medium Businesses In Tanzania; The Case Of Dar Es Salaam
(ICAESB 2008 tHEME: Business Environmnet and SMEs'Competitivencess and The African Journal of Marketing (AJM), 2008-12) Mboma, Lucy Mary
This paper presents current retailing system innovation practices in Tanzanian. The total retail system innovations are influenced by innovations in business environment providing enabling climate that support innovative practices in retail mix. The findings show that innovations in financial infrastructure reduced the problem of lack of finances and working capital by small and medium retail enterprises (SMREs); innovations in IT, ICT and aid to trade facilitated communications, reduced cost leading to effective retail mix innovations.. The innovations outcomes are new and attractive retail institutions are established in Dar es Salaam, customer satisfaction, retail development and increased peoples’ welfare. The results have implications to policy and business strategy. The importance of business innovations as comprehensive approach starting from meta, macro and micro factors provide enabling environment that enable retailers to innovate retail mix variables. At national level policy formulation having retail sector in mind provide solutions to retail challenges as displayed by financial infrastructure innovations. The study recommends a comprehensive national policy integrating policies addressing SMREs in different sectors of the economy addressing barriers to trade. Retailers’ policy on acquisition of skills of marketing, retailing, management, enterprising, merchandise management and accounting is necessary. Long term solution is streamlining such knowledge in basic education system. Short term solution means introducing business clubs in schools as are cases of art and music orient young people on the best practices in retailing and short courses to managers of retail stores. The paper concludes innovative practices in SMREs to cover the entire retail system for successful results.
The role of Information, Communications and Technology (ICT) in Education Improvement and Development in Tanzania
(Lwaitam, A. F, Mtalo, E. G and Mboma, M. Lucy (2001) Editors,University of Dar es Salaam Convocation, Dar es Salaam,, 2000) Mboma, Lucy Mary
With respect to offering quality service to various targeted market and areas the education system finds it necessary to invest more in the area of information, communications and technology in order to run the country’s education more efficiently and effectively. This may be possible by increasing communication networks, more access to information and provision of quality teaching and research into its various schools, colleges and institutions of higher learning. With the ongoing and planned rapid development on ICT and implications it does have for Tanzania, the need exists for further enhancing some centres such as the university the leadership on ICT as central management level. For this purpose it is proposed to provide a national ICT policy and a national steering committee for national management of ICT in order to enable the country to provide appropriate guidance to ICT rapid developments and secure a balance with ongoing developments in other areas within the education system. The future of ICT in Tanzania in this millennium requires the country to have the technical expertise, the infrastructure for creation, processing and fast information dissemination. Given the global situation of knowledge and skills in ICT, Tanzania will continue to be a place where ICT will be the main centre in the 21st century whether we like it or not. To quote the Vice chancellor of the University of dare s salaam (Luhanga, 1999), ‘ICT have now become a necessary tool for teaching and learning and in the near future, it will be impossible to learn or t4each without the use of ICT’. This means that the UDSM has to work fast towards organising its resources in order to be able to keep pace with the new developments in ICT. Universities have a role to promote economic growth and setting the pace in ICT development, distribution and access in Tanzania and in the Africa region.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and Poverty Alleviation in Africa; Developing the Small Scale Retail Sector, A Breakthrough to Poverty Alleviation, the Case of Tanzania
(. Mboma, M. Lucy, M Mboma (1999), SMEs and Poverty alleviation in Africa; Developing the small scale retail sector, a break through to Poverty alleviation, the case of Tanzania, Business Management Review Journal Volume 6 No 2, pp. 82-100., 1999-07) Mboma, Lucy Mary
SMES AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES) AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN AFRICA; DEVELOPING THE SMALL SCALE RETAIL SECTOR, A BREAKTHROUGH TO POVERTY ALLEVIATION, THE CASE OF TANZANIA, IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT REVIEW JOURNAL VOLUME 6 NO 2, PP. 82-100. By Lucy, M Mboma (1999). Abstract The issue of poverty does not manifest itself in a particular social group of people as it is commonly observed in Tanzania. It is a state of deprivation that is experienced among individuals and regions in Tanzania. Various interventions have been introduced to reduce poverty by addressing production, earnings including running retailing activities. The retailing activities have been carried out and experienced by different people including low and high literate individual, the least and averaged educated with or without skills in management. Different people are identified in the paper that have always looked for alternative economic methods and means of survive. The paper sees retailing as being one of the key areas, which have supplemented wages and incomes of people irrespective of their social group or employment status. The retail sector provides job opportunities that are in great demand in Tanzania. The discussion that is put forward urge more attention to be paid to this sector in terms of research, advice and training in order to develop and improve its activities and services rendered to various customers.

Browsing by Author "Mboma, Lucy Mary"

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