Research Repository :: Browsing by Author "Mbago, Maurice C. Y."

Browsing by Author "Mbago, Maurice C. Y."

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Assessing the Effects of Mosquito Nets on Malaria Mortality Using a Space Time Model: A Case Study of Rufiji and Ifakara Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sites in Rural Tanzania
(BioMed Central, 2016) Selemani, Majige; Msengwa, Amina S.; Mrema, Sigilbert; Shamte, Amri; Mahande, Michael J.; Yeates, Karen; Mbago, Maurice C. Y.; Lutambi, Angelina M.
Background: Although malaria decline has been observed in most sub-Saharan African countries, the disease still represents a significant public health burden in Tanzania. There are contradictions on the effect of ownership of at least one mosquito net at household on malaria mortality. This study presents a Bayesian modelling framework for the analysis of the effect of ownership of at least one mosquito net at household on malaria mortality with environmental factors as confounder variables. Methods: The analysis used longitudinal data collected in Rufiji and Ifakara Health Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) sites for the period of 1999–2011 and 2002–2012, respectively. Bayesian framework modelling approach using integrated nested laplace approximation (INLA) package in R software was used. The space time models were established to assess the effect of ownership of mosquito net on malaria mortality in 58 villages in the study area. Results: The results show that an increase of 10 % in ownership of mosquito nets at village level had an average of 5.2 % decrease inall age malaria deaths (IRR = 0.948, 95 % CI = 0.917, 0.977) in Rufiji HDSS and 12.1 % decrease in all age malaria deaths (IRR = 0.879, 95 % CI = 0.806, 0.959) in Ifakara HDSS. In children under 5 years, results show an average of 5.4 % decrease of malaria deaths (IRR = 0.946, 95 % CI = 0.909, 0.982) in Rufiji HDSS and 10 % decrease of malaria deaths (IRR = 0.899, 95 % CI = 0.816, 0.995) in Ifakara HDSS. Model comparison show that model with spatial and temporal random effects was the best fitting model compared to other models without spatial and temporal, and with spatial–temporal interaction effects. Conclusion: This modelling framework is appropriate and provides useful approaches to understanding the effect of mosquito nets for targeting malaria control intervention. Furthermore, ownership of mosquito nets at household showed a significant impact on malaria mortality.
Correlates of Knowledge of Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Primary School Pupils in Tanzania
(2003) Mbago, Maurice C. Y.; Sichona, Francis J.
In this paper we attempt to identify factors that determine knowledge on prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among primary school pupils in Tanzania using data extracted from the Family Life Education KAP Survey conducted in 1999. The data used consist of a sample of 18,564 pupils (about 50% males and 50% females) from all the 20 regions of Tanzania mainland. There were significant differences between boys and girls as regards knowledge of family life education in general. Boys tended to be more knowledgeable than girls about many aspects of family life education. The findings show that only 40.1% of the respondents were able to identify all the three STDs given in the questionnaire namely gonorrhoea, syphilis and AIDS. As regards modes of HIV transmission only 37.5% had full knowledge of these, while 48.8% knew condom use and abstinence as methods of STD prevention. The bivariate analysis showed significant relationships between knowledge of condom use and abstinence as methods of STD prevention with knowledge of STDs, HIV transmission, education level of the respondents, residence and parents' education for both boys and girls. However, knowledge of STDs, HIV transmission and residence came out clearly in the logistic regression as predictors of knowledge of condom use as a method of STD prevention for both sexes. For males, mother's education was also a significant predictor of knowledge of condom use as a method of STD prevention. Furthermore, a significant predictor of knowledge of condom use for female respondents was found to be the respondent's educational level. On the other hand, predictors of knowledge of abstinence as a method of STD prevention were knowledge of STDs and HIV transmission.
Some Correlates of Child Mortality in the Refugee Populated Regions in Tanzania
(1994) Mbago, Maurice C. Y.
Data from the 1988 Tanzania census were used to examine child mortality in three regions populated with Burundi refugees. Logistic and least squares analyses show that for both Tanzanian nationals and refugees low levels of maternal education are associated with high child mortality levels. Children born to mothers who are housewives are associated with low levels of mortality compared to those born to employed mothers, though the results were not statistically significant for the refugees. Maternal demographic status, computed from age and parity, has a strong effect on child survival. Unexpectedly, child mortality was lower where the water source was a well outside the village. Tanzanian mothers who are at highest risk of childbearing are roughly 6·4 times more likely to have a child death than those at lowest risk; the corresponding figure for the refugees is 36·8. This emphasises the need to intensify family planning programmes in these regions.
Some Determinants of Nutritional Status of One- to Four-Year-Old Children in Low Income Urban Areas in Tanzania
(1992) Mbago, Maurice C. Y.; Namfua, Pelad P.
Some socio-economic and demographic factors contributing to nutritional status (underweight and wasting) of children aged 1 to 4 years (n = 949) were studied in selected low income urban areas in Tanzania. Children were classified as either normal or malnourished and logistic regression was used in the analysis. Of the demographic variables studied, sex of the child was significant using both weight-for-age and weight-for-beight indices. Males had better nutritional status than females. Mother's education level and age were significant risk factors using weight-for-age. Immunization status of the child and household density were also significant, but their effects became insignificant when morbidity and dietary variables were included in the analysis. Using weight-for-beight the place of residence and number of children trader 5 years in a household had significant effects on nutritional status though the latter was less significant when morbidity variables were incorporated. Children from big towns were significantly better off nutritionally than those from small towns. For dietary and morbidity variables frequency of feeding and diarrhoea were significant predictors of nutritional status (weight-for-age) while malaria was a significant predictor of weight-for-height
Some Factors Associated with Time use on Non Productive Activities in Tanzania
(2005) Mbago, Maurice C. Y.
This study utilizes the International Classification of Activities for Time-Use Statistics (ICATUS) to delineate non-productive and productive activities. The study uses data from the Tanzania country-wide survey on time-use conducted between January and February 2005. An attempt was made to examine some factors associated with time-use on non-productive activities. The factors included age, residence, marital status, education and gender. The findings showed statistically significant association between non-productive activities and each of the above factors. The effect of these factors on involvement in non-productive activities was tested through a logistic regression. The results revealed that residence and gender have significant effect on non-productive activities while education has an insignificant effect (p=0.07). In particular the findings showed that respondents in rural areas are 1.5 times less likely to be involved in nonproductive activities than those in urban areas. With regard to gender the results suggested that women are 2.4 times more likely to be involved in non-productive activities than men.
Spatial and Space-Time Clustering of Mortality Due To Malaria in Rural Tanzania: Evidence from Ifakara and Rufiji Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sites
(BioMed Central, 2015) Selemani, Majige; Mrema, Sigilbert; Shamte, Amri; Shabani, Josephine; Mahande, Michael J.; Yeates, Karen; Msengwa, Amina S.; Mbago, Maurice C. Y.; Lutambi, Angelina M.
Background: Although, malaria control interventions are widely implemented to eliminate malaria disease, malaria is still a public health problem in Tanzania. Understanding the risk factors, spatial and space–time clustering for malaria deaths is essential for targeting malaria interventions and effective control measures. In this study, spatial methods were used to identify local malaria mortality clustering using verbal autopsy data. Methods: The analysis used longitudinal data collected in Rufiji and Ifakara Health Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) sites for the period 1999–2011 and 2002–2012, respectively. Two models were used. The first was a non-spatial model where logistic regression was used to determine a household’s characteristic or an individual’s risk of malaria deaths. The second was a spatial Poisson model applied to estimate spatial clustering of malaria mortality using SaTScan™, with age as a covariate. ArcGIS Geographical Information System software was used to map the estimates obtained to show clustering and the variations related to malaria mortality. Results: A total of 11,462 deaths in 33 villages and 9328 deaths in 25 villages in Rufiji and Ifakara HDSS, respectively were recorded. Overall, 2699 (24 %) of the malaria deaths in Rufiji and 1596 (17.1 %) in Ifakara were recorded during the study period. Children under five had higher odds of dying from malaria compared with their elderly counterparts aged five and above for Rufiji (AOR = 2.05, 95 % CI = 1.87–2.25), and Ifakara (AOR = 2.33, 95 % CI = 2.05–2.66), respectively. In addition, ownership of mosquito net had a protective effect against dying with malaria in both HDSS sites. Moreover, villages with consistently significant malaria mortality clusters were detected in both HDSS sites during the study period. Conclusions: Clustering of malaria mortality indicates heterogeneity in risk. Improving targeted malaria control and treatment interventions to high risk clusters may lead to the reduction of malaria deaths at the household and probably at country level. Furthermore, ownership of mosquito nets and age appeared to be important predictors for malaria deaths.
Statistics Training in Eastern and Southern Africa: A Study of Supply and Demand
(1997) Woodward, Mark; Dourmashkin, Neil; Twagirumukiza, Etienne; Mbago, Maurice C. Y.; da Cunha, Adrião F.
In recent years considerable concern has been expressed, from within and outside the continent, about the standard of official statistics in Africa. This has prompted the question of how effective the training of African statisticians has been. This paper describes findings from studies of current supply and future demand for statistics training in Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe, carried out in 1993 and 1994. Recommendations for future development of training systems are given. These include strengthening in-service training in national statistics organizations and developing regional courses for professional statisticians.

Browsing by Author "Mbago, Maurice C. Y."

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