Browsing by Author "Maliva, Nelly S."

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Enacting Gender to Create Own Space: Tourism Development and Women Empowerment in Zanzibar
    (Royal Geographical Society with IBG, 2013) Maliva, Nelly S.
    Within the post-structuralist perspective the paper examines Zanzibar women’s self-ability to view their world and be able to get empowered through tourism by engaging in tourism related enterprises. Women’s world is argued to be composed of the dominant patriarchal systems which governs individual’s lives by assigning gender roles and responsibilities. Likewise, the tourism development processes have also been claimed to be constructed by unequal gender relations that tends to marginalize women position. Within this context, the paper analyses the multiplicity of the views of position of Zanzibari women in society and the structures governing their position in society as well as in tourism industry. It goes further by analysing women’s view of their position as assigned by the society in order to understand their way of creating their space despite of the complex socio-economic patterns that governs their lives. Moreover, given the fact that post-structuralism stresses the importance of exploring the power of human agency, this paper, through the enactment framework lens, sees women as proactive participants with an ability to challenge and negotiate with structures and find their way to cope with them. By being so it reveals the multiple positionality of women according to their inclination to (re)produce or challenge the gendered structures
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Marketing Behavior of Micro Businesses: The Case of Street Vendors in Tanzania
    (The Open University of Tanzania, 2021-08-12) Maliva, Nelly S.; Maliva, Nelly S.
    Abstract: Street vendors who are famously known as Machinga, they are micro business people who have a significant contribution to the economy of country. The statistics shows that about 2,754,697 individuals in Tanzania owned and ran 3,162,886 small businesses. Moreover, these businesses have been able to develop the behaviour which has influenced the selling, shopping and social behaviour but still given little academic attention. Therefore, this article studies their marketing operations by using the exchange marketing theory and use qualitative approach to interview 25 street vendors. The results showed that when they facilitate exchange, they find places to chase after customers and sell their products. Thus, they make instant and reactive decisions, bargain with customers, and scramble for customers. This study showed that street vendors require the attention of academicians and policy because they required more skills and exposure to their business undertakings.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Women’s Empowerment and Tourism Lifestyle Entrepreneurship in Zanzibar
    (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2021) Maliva, Nelly S.
    This chapter links women’s empowerment and tourism lifestyle entrepreneurship in Zanzibar. It shows that women who live in tourism destinations see the possibilities to engage in tourism through lifestyle entrepreneurship and gain the benefits that the industry offers. However, their lifestyle is constrained by both societal norms and tourism industry requirements. As a result, they have to create a space that allows them to cope with these situations. Through in-depth interviews, the study found that women have been creating spaces by choosing to be entrepreneurs who either produce items for tourists in their households or sell their products directly to the tourists. Moreover, by working in the tourism industry, they have to choose a pathway to follow when engaging in lifestyle entrepreneurship, that is, whether to seek tradition, income or growth. So, for them, empowerment is achieved if they can make their own choices.