Research Repository :: Browsing by Author "Lyantagaye, Sylvester L."

Browsing by Author "Lyantagaye, Sylvester L."

Now showing 1 - 15 of 15

Antimicrobial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extracts from Edible Tanzanian Coprinus Cinereus (Schaeff) S. Gray S.Lat. Cultivated on Grasses Supplemented with Cow Dung Manure
(2010) Lyantagaye, Sylvester L.; Ndyetabura, Theonest; Mshandete, Anthony M.
This study is the first broad investigation of antimicrobial activity of different development stages of Coprinus cinereus from Tanzania. The indigenous edible wild C. cinereus mushroom was successfully grown in tropical conditions on dried grasses supplemented with different amounts of cow dung manure. Ethyl acetate crude extracts were prepared from different developmental stages of the mushroom, and were screened for antifungal and antibacterial activities using agar well method. Different extracts from black caps, post capping stage and black stem exhibited activity against Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger none of the gram positive bacteria was inhibited to grow. Differences in the substrate composition presented differences in the bioactivity of the mushroom extracts with 2: 3 ratio of cow-dung: grasses producing the highest activity. The results obtained clearly indicated that Tanzanian C. cinereus extracts contains bioactive components and are potential sources of antimicrobial compounds that could be used for development of new agents for the treatment and prevention of diseases.
Characterization of the Biochemical Pathway of Apoptosis Induced by Three Dglucopyranoside Derivatives from Tulbaghia Violacea
(2014-12) Lyantagaye, Sylvester L.
Aim: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were used to identify the most likely apoptotic biochemical pathway induced by Methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (MDG), D-fructofuranose- β(2→6)-methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (DFMDG) and β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→6)-α-D- glucopyranoside (DFDG) treatments isolated from wild garlic (Tulbaghia violacea). Methodology: Assays, which detect different morphological and biochemical changes in the CHO cells were used to examine the apoptosis induction by individual agents, paying special attention to the mitochondria membrane potential (∆ψm) depolarization. Results: The major events of apoptosis, namely, translocation of phosphatidylserine, mitochondria membrane potential (∆ψm) depolarization and activation of caspase-3 in CHO cells were initiated within 2 hours of treatments. The onset of the apoptosis induction was indistinguishable among the MDG, DFMDG and DFDG, and similar to that of staurosporine. Conclusion: The study shows that CHO cells treated with MDG, DFMDG and DFDG undergo apoptotic death through the mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathway.
Cultivation of Tanzanian Coprinus Cinereus (Sisal Compost Mushroom) on Three Non-Composted Sisal Waste Substrates Supplemented With Chicken Manure at Various Rates
(2011) Mwita, Liberata; Lyantagaye, Sylvester L.; Mshandete, Anthony M.
Coprinus cinereus is a Tanzanian wild edible mushroom whose cultivation in the laboratory was performed in solid-state fermentation bioreactors using sisal decortication wastes namely; sisal dusts, sisal fibres and sisal leaves as basal substrates supplemented with chicken manure at various rates. Bioreactors containing 450 g wet weight of the three sisal wastes substrates each was supplemented with dry chicken manure at 0% (un-supplemented control), 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of substrate dry weight. The effect of the test sisal waste substrates and chicken manure of various supplementation rates were evaluated by mushroom yield, (g fresh mushroom/kg moist substrate) and its biological efficiency, B.E. (relationship between fresh mushroom weight and dry substrate weight as percentage) and mushroom size (a ratio of total weight of fresh mushroom and total number of mushrooms). Each, sisal waste substrate and chicken manure supplement at various rates showed variable impact on mushroom yield, productivity and size. The overall best results of mushroom production were obtained in sisal dust at 25% chicken manure in terms of mushroom yield 381 g fresh mushrooms/kg moist substrate weight and its B.E. of 112% while mushroom size best results of 1.64 was obtained at 15% manure. In conclusion, results suggest that chicken manure from free-range chicken may play an important role on increasing the yield and productivity of Coprinus cinereus on sisal waste substrates under the conditions investigated.
Current Status and Future Perspectives of Bioinformatics in Tanzania
(2014) Lyantagaye, Sylvester L.
The main bottleneck in advancing genomics in present times is the lack of expertise in using bioinformatics tools and approaches for data mining in raw DNA sequences generated by modern high throughput technologies such as next generation sequencing. Although bioinformatics has been making major progress and contributing to the development in the rest of the world, it has still not yet fully integrated the tertiary education and research sector in Tanzania. This review aims to introduce a summary of recent achievements, trends and success stories of application of bioinformatics in biotechnology. The applications of bioinformatics in the fields such as molecular biology, biotechnology, medicine and agriculture, the global trend of bioinformatics, accessibility bioinformatics products in Tanzania, bioinformatics training initiatives in Tanzania, the future prospects of bioinformatics use in biotechnology globally and Tanzania in particular are reviewed. The paper is of interest and importance to rouse public awareness of the new opportunities that could be brought about by bioinformatics to address many research problems relevant to Tanzania and sub-Sahara Africa
Effect Of Different Post Harvest Treatments on Nutritive and Antioxidant Activities of Wild Edible Coprinus Cinereus (Schaeff.) S.Gray from Tanzania
(2012) Tibuhwa, Donatha D.; Lyantagaye, Sylvester L.; Mshandete, Anthony M.
Coprinus cinereus is a wild edible and medicinal mushroom available in Tanzania. Methanolic extracts were prepared from whole young and immature mushrooms and the effect of eight different post harvest treatments on nutritional content, antioxidant component and scavenging activities on DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radicals were studied. Result showed that Coprinus cinereus fruit bodies are good source of antioxidant and proteins although post harvest treatments had profound effects, which varied significantly at (p<0.05). The highest scavenging ability (LD 50 = 0.119) was found from mushrooms sun dried for 5 days followed by (LD50= 0.133) recorded from young and immature mushrooms (control) while the least (LD50=4.24) was obtained from mushrooms dipped in boiling 10% salt water for 1minute. On the other hand, crude protein ranged between 7-26% with highest and lowest obtained from oven dried and boiled in 10% salt for 1 minute, respectively. For total flavonoid (mg RE/g) the highest value was obtained from control (44.7) followed by (41.13) recorded from oven dried mushrooms. The total phenolic (mg GAE/g) content and vitamin C (mg/100g) varied concurrently with same treatments. They were both higher in mushrooms dehydrated with silica gel (174.77) and (175.18) and lower in mushrooms dipped in boiling water for 5 minute (59.49) and (20.17), respectively. These findings demonstrated that Coprinus cinereus is a good source of protein and antioxidant and the best post harvest method is sun drying in which, not only the shelf life of the mushroom increases but also they retains most of good qualities including improved scavenging abilities.
The Effect of the Interaction of Varying Chicken Manure Supplement Levels with Three Different Solid Sisal Wastes Substrates on Sporocarp Cap Lengths and Diameters, Stipe Lengths and Diameters and Dry Weights of Coprinus Cinereus (Schaeff) S. Gray S.Lat
(2013) Mwita, Liberata N.; Lyantagaye, Sylvester L.; Mshandete, Anthony M.
Coprinus cinereus (Schaeff) S. Gray s.lat is an indigenous Tanzanian edible and medicinal mushroom, which grows in the wild on decomposed sisal wastes heaps. In the laboratory, it was cultivated on three types of sisal wastes substrates each supplemented with varying chicken manure concentrations 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% using solid-state fermentation bioreactors. The results showed that the interaction of sisal dust, sisal fibres and sisal decortications leaves wastes substrates with chicken manure at varying concentrations, produced a highly significant effect (p < 0.05) on cap lengths and diameters, stipe lengths and diameters and dry weights of C. cinereus (Schaeff) S. Gray s.lat. The interactions of sisal dust waste with 5% chicken manure concentration induced longest mean cap length and widest mean cap diameter. On the other hand, the interaction of sisal leaves decortications wastes with 25% chicken manure concentration produced heaviest sporocarps mean dry weight. These findings for the first time illustrate importance of chicken manure supplementation in C. cinereus (Schaeff) S. Gray s.lat cultivation on sisal decortications wastes substrates.
Improved Antimicrobial Activity of the Tanzanian Edible Mushroom Coprinus Cinereus (Schaeff) Gray by Chicken Manure Supplemented Solid Sisal Wastes Substrates
(2010) Mwita, Liberata N.; Mshandete, Anthony M.; Lyantagaye, Sylvester L.
The Tanzanian edible mushroom species Coprinus cinereus was grown on sisal waste substrates supplemented with chicken manure with the aim to evaluate the effects of the chicken manure supplement on the antimicrobial activity of the mushroom’s extracts. Crude ethyl acetate extracts were prepared from the mushroom’s fruiting bodies harvested at pre-capping, capping and post capping stages, and the extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity, using the agar well method. The antimicrobial activity was observed only in capping and post capping stages of the mushrooms and the activity generally increased with increased percentage of manure supplementation. These findings show that Tanzanian edible C. cinereus mushroom contains antimicrobial compounds and chicken manure could be used in the cultivation of the mushroom to increase the production of active secondary metabolites, which could be used as lead compounds for discovery of new and more effective drugs against microbial infections.
Induction of Early Apoptosis and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production by Tanzanian Basidiomycete ( Cantharellus Miomboensis )
(2010) Masalu, Rose; Hosea, Ken M.; Meyer, Mervin; Lyantagaye, Sylvester L.; Kanyande, Stonard
Cantharellus miomboensis is a new basidiomycete fungus recently found in Miombo woodlands in Tanzania. In this study, crude extract was prepared from fruiting bodies of C. miomboensis and was in vitro screened for its cytotoxicity using Tetrazolium salt (3-(4,5-dimethlthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) in human cell lines namely; Hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), Human non-small cell lung carcinoma (H157) and Human colon adenocarcinoma (HT.29). Thereafter, pro-apoptotic effects were determined using biochemical changes in apoptotic cells. These included externalization of phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) using APO Percentage dye by flow cytometry and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential using Tetramethyl rhodamine ethyl ester perchlorate (TMRE) assay. The test extract was found to induce dose dependent PS externalization on human cell lines when treated with various concentrations (1 - 5 mg/ml) and completely depolarized the mitochondrial membrane potential after 6 hours on HepG2 cell line. When the extract was examined for ROS production using 2’,7’- dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining, there was no ROS generation found in HepG2 cells. It is therefore concluded that C. miomboensis extract is able to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells and PS externalization and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in HepG2 cells appear to be independent of ROS production.
Medicinal Potential of Commiphora Sponthulata, Hugonia Casteneifolia and Raphidiocystis Chrysocoma Indigenous to Tanzania
(2013) Lyantagaye, Sylvester L.
Herbal medicines constitute a potentially important resource for new and safe drugs for the management of microbial infections and other diseases. This study aimed at examining whether or not crude plant extracts of Hugonia casteneifolia, Commiphora sponthulata and Raphidiocystis chrysocoma have antimicrobial activities on some pathogenic bacterial isolated from sick domesticated animals. Agar diffusion technique was used to determine the inhibition of microbial growth and broth dilution technique was used to determine MIC and MBC. The study has shown that R. chrysocoma extract is very potent against Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, H. casteneifolia is potent against S. agalactiae and S. aureus, and C. sponthulata extract is potent against Salmonella gallinarum only. All the three plant extracts are non-cytotoxic. This is the first scientific evaluation of the veterinary medicinal potential of the H casteneifolia, C. sponthulata and R. chrysocoma from Tanzania, providing the baseline for further investigations towards discovering new drugs.
Medicinal Potential of Melodorum Gracile and Mkilua Fragrans Extracts
(2014-02-27) Lyantagaye, Sylvester L.
Crude ethanol extracts of Melodorum gracile and Mkilua fragrans were screened for antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella gallinarum and Escherichia coli of veterinary importance. Agar diffusion technique was used to determine the inhibition of microbial growth and broth dilution technique was used to determine MIC and MBC. The crude extracts exhibited predominantly antibacterial activity with the root extract showing the strongest inhibition against the test bacteria at a MIC of between 7 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml. The study has shown that Mkilua fragrans extract is very potent against Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus but no effect against Salmonella gallinarum and Escherichia coli. The study also showed that Melodonium gracile extracts were potent against Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella gallinarum and Escherichia coli. Most of the plant extracts were significantly lethal towards brine shrimps. This is the first scientific evaluation of the veterinary medicinal potential of the Melodorum gracile and Mkilua fragrans indigenous to Tanzania, providing the baseline for further investigations on the plants towards new drug discovery.
Methyl Dglucopyranoside from Tulbghia violacea α Extract Induces Apoptosis in Vitro in Cancer Cells
(2013) Lyantagaye, Sylvester L.
Pro-apoptotic activity of Tulbghia violacea extracts was evaluated in order to understand the mechanisms of action that might be related to its traditional use as anticancer medicine. Apoptosis-guided purification was used to isolate active compound whose chemical structure was solved by using spectroscopic, microanalysis and X-ray crystallography techniques. T. violacea extract kills Chinese hamster ovary cells, MCF7, and HeLa cells through the induction of apoptosis Methyl--D-glucopyranoside was identified as one of the main pro-apoptotic compounds present in T. violacea extract. This is the first time ever demonstration that T. violacea contains methyl -D-glucopyranoside, which selectively kills cancer cells through apoptosis mechanisms.
Production of Iodized Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Edible Yeast Using Brown Seaweeds Sargassum Sp Extract Media by Submerged Fermentation
(2012) Langula, Grace; Lyantagaye, Sylvester L.; Mshandete, Anthony M.
Brown seaweeds such as Sargassum are very rich in iodine, currently discarded as waste material leading to environmental pollution along Indian coasts of Tanzania. The ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae edible yeasts isolated from mangrove sediment to absorb iodine from Sargassum extract was investigated and analyzed by standard iodine determination method. The effect of boiling Sargassum extracts as growth media for yeasts during submerged culture fermentation was determined by monitoring yeast growth on the media by using spectrophotometer. Results demonstrated the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae edible yeasts to bio-extract iodine from Sargassum brown seaweeds extract. The yeast cells biomass from non-boiled Sargassum extract recorded the highest concentration of (0.06 mg/l) followed by yeasts from boiled extracts (0.03 mg/l) and the lowest (0.02 mg/l) was recorded from yeasts grown in aquatic yeasts broth. This is the first feasibility study on production of iodized edible yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Tanzanian Sargassum seaweeds. Therefore, production of iodized edible yeast could in future help alleviate the iodine deficiency problem through inclusion as dietary supplement. However, such unexploited potential needs further research on optimization of fermentation parameters, supplement formulation and biosafety issues such as dosage.
A Review of Agricultural Pesticides Use and the Selection for Resistance to Insecticides in Malaria Vectors
(Scientific Research, 2014) Philbert, Anitha; Lyantagaye, Sylvester L.; Nkwengulila, Gamba
Most national malaria control programmes rely extensively on pyrethroid insecticides to control mosquito vectors of this disease. Unfortunately, the intensive use of this class of insecticides both in public health and agriculture has led to its reduced efficacy. The objective of this review was to assess the role of agricultural pesticides use on the development of resistance to insecticides in malaria vectors and the potential impact of this resistance on control activities. We searched library catalogues and public databases for studies that included data on resistance to the major classes of insecticides: organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates and pyrethroids, in the malaria vectors of Anopheles genera. There is a strong geographical bias in published studies many originating from West African countries. Several studies demonstrate that resistance to pyrethroids is widespread in the major malaria vectors of the Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus complexes. Assessing the impact of insecticide resistance on vector control is complicated owing to the lack of studies into the epidemiological consequences of resistance on the control of malaria and other vector borne diseases.
Stephanostema Stenocarpum (Apocynaceae) Extract is a Potential Remedy for Bacterial Infections in Domestic Animals
(2010-12) Lyantagaye, Sylvester L.; Magingo, Francis S.
Stephanostema is a monotypic genus whose sole specie Stephanostema stenocarpum is endemic to Tanzania. The liquid from boiled roots of this plant is being used by the local communities as a remedy of stomach-ache related ailments. The aim of the study was to evaluate antimicrobial activity of S. stenocarpum extracts against some common bacterial and fungal pathogens in domesticated animals and examine whether the crude extracts found active have cytotoxic effect or not. The standard growth inhibition technique was used for in vitro antimicrobial activity assay and the brine shrimp (BST) test was used to evaluate cytotoxicity of the extracts. Ethanolic extracts exhibited bacterial inhibitory growth activity against animal bacteria pathogens: Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella gallinarum and Escherichia coli, but not active against the fungal strains tested. The study also showed that the extracts have no cytotoxicity effects. These results provide baseline information on the medicinal potential of S. stenocarpum as a new potential source of veterinary medicines.
Two New Pro-apoptotic Glucopyranosides from Tulbaghia Violacea
(2013) Lyantagaye, Sylvester L.
Tulbaghia violacea is a widely known anticancer herb used as traditional medicine in the Southern African region. However, the identities of the chemical compounds responsible for the medicinal properties are still at large. Isolation of the pro-apoptotic compounds from T. violacea was carried out using apoptosis induction-guided fractionation. The chemical structures of the pro-apoptotic molecules were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) and elemental analysis. Pro-apoptotic glucopyranosides Dfructofuranose-(26)-methyl--D-glucoyranoside and -D-fructofuranosyl-(26)--D-glucopyranoside were uncovered from aqueous whole plant extracts of T. violacea using bioactivity-guided purification. Glucopyranosides D-fructofuranose-(26)-methyl--D-glucoyranoside and -D-fructofuranosyl-(26)- -D-glucopyranoside have structural similarity with the earlier reported methyl -D-glucopyranoside from the same herb, which selectively kills cancer cells through apoptosis mechanisms. The discovery of these molecules could contribute towards the development of new anticancer drugs.

Browsing by Author "Lyantagaye, Sylvester L."

Results Per Page

Sort Options