Browsing by Author "Lwoga, Noel B."
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Item Cultural Tourism for Poverty Alleviation on the Western Coast of the Indian Ocean(Universitaet Trauner Verlag, 2012-01) Lwoga, Noel B.; Mapunda, Bertram B. B.Item Cultural Tourism for Poverty Alleviation on the Western Coast of the Indian Ocean: The Case of Kilwa(Universitaet Trauner Verlag (Linz), 2012) Mapunda, Bertram B.; Lwoga, Noel B.Item Development of Cultural Heritage Tourism in Dar es Salaam City Centre: Demand Perspective(The Eastern African Journal of Hospitality, Leisure and Tourism, 2013) Lwoga, Noel B.; Kessy, E.T.Item DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM IN DAR ES SALAAM CITY CENTRE(St. Augustine University, Tanzania, 2013) Lwoga, Noel B.; Kessy, E.TMost cities in sub-Sahara Africa are rich in terms of cultural heritage assets but yet, fail to attract, retain and satisfy cultural tourists. With a focus on Dar es Salaam city centre, this study aimed at analyzing demand for cultural heritage tourism with a view of providing proper recommendations for the development of cultural heritage tourist destinations from the demand perspective. Data collection involved both open and closed questionnaire, documentary review and personal observation of cultural heritage, followed by quantitative and qualitative analysis. Geographical and psychological analytical approaches were also used in order to grasp tourists’ perceptions in relation to their area of origin and experience. Results indicate that there are several opportunities that could promote Dar es Salaam city from a tourists’ gateway to primary tourists’ destination. Key recommendations, including the development of tourist zones and itinerary based on tourist perspectives and recommendations for further investigations are put forward.Item Development of Cultural Heritage Tourism in Dar es Salaam City Centre: Demand Perspective(St. Augustine University, Tanzania, 2013) Lwoga, Noel B.; Kessy, Emmanuel T.Most cities in sub-Sahara Africa are rich in terms of cultural heritage assets but yet, fail to attract, retain and satisfy cultural tourists. With a focus on Dar es Salaam city centre, this study aimed at analyzing demand for cultural heritage tourism with a view of providing proper recommendations for the development of cultural heritage tourist destinations from the demand perspective. Data collection involved both open and closed questionnaire, documentary review and personal observation of cultural heritage, followed by quantitative and qualitative analysis. Geographical and psychological analytical approaches were also used in order to grasp tourists’ perceptions in relation to their area of origin and experience. Results indicate that there are several opportunities that could promote Dar es Salaam city from a tourists’ gateway to primary tourists’ destination. Key recommendations, including the development of tourist zones and itinerary based on tourist perspectives and recommendations for further investigations are put forwardItem Effects of drought on cultural tourism: selected cases of Maasai tourism groups surrounding Tarangire National Park in Tanzania(Taylor & Fransis (Routledge), Journal of Tourism & Cultural Change, 2016) Lwoga, Noel B.; Asubisye, EdwinThis study explores the effect of drought on cultural tourism by applying the case study approach using the Maasai women’s groups surrounding Tarangire National Park (TNP) in Tanzania. Semi-structured interviews and observations were used to collect data from 30 purposefully selected Maasai women and 30 tourists. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings show that drought affects tourism both positively and negatively. Positively, drought forges unity among individuals, and creates the community’s external links that are crucial for tourism development. Negatively, drought interferes with the development and delivery of tourist products, thus destroying their quality and service delivery. Despite the challenges tourism faces during times of drought, including the scarcity of raw materials for making cultural products, 50% of the respondents would rather continue with tourism as a strategy to curb the effect of drought than their traditional livelihoods. Theoretically, the study shows the importance of the cultural ecology and livelihood lenses in investigating the effects of drought on tourism in a cultural setting. Practical recommendations for tourism authorities and stakeholders, as well as areas for future research, are provided.Item Environmental Consciousness in Cultural Heritage Interpretation Practices(ATLAS Africa, 2011) Lwoga, Noel B.Item Factors influencing local residents’ intention to conserve the built heritage in Tanzania(Journal of Heritage Tourism (Routledge - Taylor & Francis), 2016) Lwoga, Noel B.This study used the dominant cognitive-based theory of planned behaviour (TPB) complemented by the affection-based attachment theory (AT) to investigate factors influencing local residents’ conservation intentions. Thus, in addition to TPB’s variables, such as attitudes towards conservation, perceived social pressure and perceived control over conservation, the study considered the effects of heritage affection on conservation intentions. Cross-sectional questionnaire-based data gathered from the three historic towns of Zanzibar Stone Town, Kilwa Kivinje and Pangani in Tanzania were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. The TPB’s variables and heritage affection all showed a positive and significant correlation with conservation intention. The empirical data therefore supported using the TPB, complemented by the AT, to explain engagement in conservation in the built heritage setting. The study concludes that conservation intention is best viewed as a mixture of cognitive and affective factors. Theoretical and managerial implications as well as suggestions for future studies are provided.Item A Guide to Treasures of Dar es Salaam City Centre(VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2010-11) Lwoga, Noel B.Item Hospitality Industry in the East African Community(The Business Times Newspaper of the 2/3/2007, 2007) Lwoga, Noel B.Item Implications of Climate Change on Cultural Tourism in the Maasai Land, Tanzania(2011) Asubisye, Edwin; Lema, Godwin; Lwoga, Noel B.Despite the growing importance of cultural tourism as an alternative livelihood activity and community’s adaptation strategy in localities affected by the prolonged drought, its interrelationship with such prevailing climate change has not been emphasized. Within the culture ecology theoretical framework, this study focused on the Maasai community near the Tarangire National Park in northern Tanzania juxtaposes cultural tourism activities, their production and delivery to the prolonged drought in order to examine its dynamics and sustainability. The study applies hermeneutic phenomenology approaches to study experiences of the Maasai women engaged in cultural tourism business in the midst of the prolonged drought. The findings reveal that cultural tourism is greatly influenced both positively and negatively by the prolonged drought. Although negative perspectives (ranging from the intrapersonal, intersegment and external angles) are more pronounced than the positive ones, the Maasai women would prefer to continue with cultural tourism as an adaptation strategy to curb the effect of drought than their traditional animal grazing or small scale farming. Also, the paper provides recommendations and raises critical theoretical questions on sustainability of cultural tourism in the midst of the ongoing climate change, and its incorporation in the prevailing park management models, policies and business adaptation strategies. Implications of Climate Change on Cultural Tourism in the Maasai Land, Tanzania.Item Implications of Cultural Heritage Management Crisis to Tourism Development in Dar es Salaam City Centre(University of Dar es Salaam Business School, 2010) Lwoga, Noel B.Item Institutional and Legislative Conflicts in Management of Built Heritage in Neoliberal Cities(Department of Archaeology and Heritage, UDSM, 2013) Lwoga, Noel B.; Mabulla, A.Z.P.Item Residents’ attitudes, intentions and actual engagement in conservation of the built heritage: Examining the moderating effect of level of tourism development in Tanzania(Journal of Tourism (Revista de Turism), 2016) Lwoga, Noel B.This study investigated factors influencing local residents’ engagement in the conservation of the built heritage. It proposed a theoretical extension of the theory of planned behaviour by adding to the socio-psychological theory the tourism situational factor of “level of tourism development at the destination”. A questionnaire survey was conducted with local households in Zanzibar Stone Town (N = 151) and Pangani Town (N = 88) in Tanzania. The former town is more developed in terms of tourism than the latter. The results of the structural equation modelling demonstrate that attitudes to conservation relate positively to intention to conserve, which, in turn, relates positively to (actual) engagement in conservation. The results also show that the mentioned relationships are stronger among local residents in Zanzibar Stone Town than those in Pangani Town. The survey data were triangulated by in-depth interviews with 12 local residents, which showed the importance of socio-cultural contexts in explaining the effect of tourism development. The study supports the extension of socio-psychological models with the inclusion of tourism development as an important contextual factor in the built heritage setting. The study discusses theoretical and managerial implications.Item TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN TANZANIA BEFORE AND AFTER INDEPENDENCE(St. Augustine University, Tanzania, 2012) Lwoga, Noel B.This paper aimed at studying tourism development in sub-Sahara Africa from the sustainability perspective, and analyzing factors shaping tourism development in the region with a special focus on the Tanzania Mainland. The paper used documentary review, semi-structured interviews and anecdotal evidences to achieve its aim. The paper established that the evolution of tourism in Tanzania can be traced back to the ancient period of the zinj, to the era of the ancient civilization of Rhapta, the Swahili coast civilization and early inland states. However, modern tourism emerged during the colonial period and further advanced after independence. It was also found that the development of modern tourism in the country was a complex process embedded with struggles and periods of ups and downs due to social, economical and political dynamics. Some issues such as wars and political instability, economic prosperity, transport and communication technology break-through that affected global tourism development were found to influence tourism in Tanzania. In addition, in the sub-Sahara African context, colonialism, neo-colonialism, globalization and relations between developed and developing countries, conservation policies and local community concerns were found to be crucial factors shaping tourism development, particularly the adoption of sustainable tourism approach and the way it is managed. The study provides recommendations to the governments in sub-Sahara African region, tourism policy makers and managers in the region and other tourism stakeholders particularly the private sector and local community in order to create a better future for tourism sustainability in the region.Item Tourism employment and local residents’ engagement in conservation of built heritage in Zanzibar Stone Town in Tanzania(WITPress SUSTAINABLE TOURISM, 2016-05-18) Lwoga, Noel B.This study investigated the moderating effect of tourism employment on the relationship between attitudes to conservation, perceived social pressure, and perceived control on one hand, and intention to conserve built heritage on the other. This was an attempt to extend the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) which has been widely applied in conservation studies without integrating tourism factors that may exert effects on the relationships. A questionnaire survey was applied to 208 households in Zanzibar Stone Town. The results of the structural model verify the effect of attitudes, perceived social pressure and perceived control on intention to conserve. They also indicate that tourism employment significantly moderates the attitudes-intention and perceived social pressure-intention relationships. Overall, the study supports the extension of TPB with the inclusion of tourism employment as an important situational factor. Theoretical, policy and managerial implications are discussed.Item Tourism: Meaning, Practices & History(Dar es Salaam University Press, 2011) Lwoga, Noel B.This book serves as a valuable contribution to the understanding of the meaning, practice and history of tourism in Tanzania, Africa and the world at large. It attempts to critically answer three questions: what is tourism? What are the approaches underpinning its practices? How did it evolve to become one of the largest sectors of commerce in Tanzania, Africa and the world? The book brings together information that is dispersed in various sources such as books, journals and reports within the tourism field and from other related disciplines. Some of the information is based on the author’s own experience and observations thus, further enriching the book. The interesting and welcome features of the book are that the author brings to light the contribution of Africa and Africans to the history of tourism. He also attempts to critically examine the information he has collected from different sources and to draw conclusions. The reader may disagree with a given conclusion and, thereby, be indirectly challenged to seek further information to confirm or invalidate the conclusion. In this way, the book encourages the reader to search widely for information on a subject of interest and, consequently, to learn more about the subject. The book is useful to all tourism stakeholders; in particular, students, trainers, practitioners, academicians, researchers, tourism entrepreneurs and the public at large.Item Tourism: Meaning, Practices & History, Dar es Salaam(Dar es Salaam : Dar es Salaam University Press, ©2011., 2011) Lwoga, Noel B.