Browsing by Author "Lin, Carol S. K."
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Item Current and Future Trends In Food Waste Valorization for the Production of Chemicals, Materials and Fuels: A Global Perspective(Wiley, 2014) Lin, Carol S. K.; Koutinas, Apostolis A.; Stamatelatou, Katerina; Mubofu, Egid B.; Matharu, Avtar S.; Kopsahelis, Nikolaos; Pfaltzgraff, Lucie A.; Clark, James H.; Papanikolaou, Seraphim; Kwan, Tsz H.; Luque, RafaelFood waste is currently generated in significant quantities worldwide. While most of this has generally few uses different from landfilling or composting, advanced valorization alternatives should be developed to maximize the value derived from such an important waste source. This contribution aims to illustrate a series of examples and current valorization strategies proposed in different countries in order to tackle the food waste issue. Proposed processing schemes involve biorefinery approaches based on both chemical and biological technologies. Important legislation aspects in different countries are also presented.Item Food Waste as a Valuable Resource for the Production of Chemicals, Materials and Fuels. Current Situation and Perspective(2013) Lin, Carol S. K.; Pfaltzgraff, Lucie A.; Herrero-Davila, Lorenzo; Mubofu, Egid B.; Solhy, Abderrahim; Clark, James H.; Koutinas, Apostolis A.; Kopsahelis, Nikolaos; Stamatelatou, Katerina; Dickson, Fiona; Thankappan, Samarthia; Zahouily, Mohamed; Brocklesby, Robert; Luquek, RafaelIncreasing demand for fuels and chemicals, driven by factors including over population, the threat of global warming and the scarcity of fossil resources, strain our resource system and make necessary the development of sustainable and innovative strategies for the chemical industry. The strain upon which our resource system is under drives industry to increase its overall efficiency by improving existing processes or finding new uses for waste. Food supply chain waste emerged as a resource with a significant potential to be employed as raw material for the production of fuels and chemicals given the abundant volumes globally generated, its contained diversity of functionalised chemical components and the opportunity to be utilised for higher value applications. The present manuscript is aimed to provide a general overview of current and most innovative uses of food supply chain waste, providing a range of worldwide case studies from around the globe. These studies will focus on examples illustrating the use of citrus peel, waste cooking oil and cashew shell nut liquid in countries such as China, UK, Tanzania, Spain, Greece or Morocco. This work emphasises 2nd generation food waste valorisation and re-use strategies for the production of higher value and marketable products rather than conventional food waste processing (incineration for energy recovery, feed or composting) while highlighting issues linked to the use of food waste as a sustainable raw material. Influence of food regulations on food supply chain waste valorisation will also be addressed as well as our society’s behavior towards food supply chain wasteItem Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass, Second Edition(2014-12) Lam, Wan C.; Kwan, Tsz H.; Budarin, Vitaliy; Mubofu, Egid B.; Fan, Jiajun; Lin, Carol S. K.Pretreated biomass can efficiently convert to desirable products or energy through two main platforms: thermochemical or biological. Thermochemical conversion technologies involve thermo-decomposition of biomass into products. Biological conversion mainly involves conversion of biomass to sugars for fermentative chemicals production with the help of microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi. This chapter discusses the concepts of various pretreatment processes including mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological methods. Pretreatment helps alter the physical properties and chemical composition of biomass, and makes it more suitable for conversion. Bioconversion of biomass into products through fermentation is a very flexible process which could lead to a wide range of products including biofuels, biochemicals, or biomaterials.