Browsing by Author "Lema, A. Godwin"

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    Can Environmental Tax Reduce Dilapidated Motor Vehicles Importation and Pollution? Insights from Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
    (Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Dar es Salaam, 2022-06-29) Lema, A. Godwin
    The influence of tax regime in reducing dilapidated vehicles’ demand and attendant pollution is puzzling global south cities. This article provides an assessment on how environmental tax is or is not curbing down the importation of the Dilapidated Motor Vehicles (DMVs) with a view to reduce vehicular emissions in the city of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A multilevel perspective employing mixed methods of data collection was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data through document review, group discussions, in-depth interviews from selected Members of Parliament, policymakers, government officials, and brand new as well as DMVs dealers. Content, trend and discourse analysis enabled to interpret qualitative data. Findings reveal that taxing importation of DMVs is not significantly reducing air pollution. The side effects of the increased DMVs import in polluting the environment are increasing due to the rise in income levels, population increase and technical challenges of estimating marginal social cost. As DMVs tax was not reflected in the exporter’s cost schedule, the non-inclusion gives a market failure scenario a la Pigou Theorem. Rethinking of an optimal environmental tax remains a complex sociopolitical issue calling for research and policy attention.
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    Data Quality Assessment to Improve Tuberculosis Reduction Program Performance in Coast Region, Tanzania
    (Population Studies and Research Centre University of Dar es Salaam, 2020-12-31) Lema, A. Godwin
    Data quality assessment is central in improving program performance. Reducing TB pandemic transmission is challenging in the global south. The success of interventions to address the pandemic depends upon the availability of sound and reliable data. This study applied a mixed research design to investigate the influence of data quality assessment on the performance of TB reduction program. We interviewed staff of several facilities composed of Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) nurse in-charge, and TB coordinators, among others. We reviewed various TB-related documents and used key informant interviews and observation to collect data from selected health facilities. The findings indicated that the performance of the programs can be determined if the data reported meets the five data quality standards, and present accurately what is done at the facility level. Facilities with accurate, reliable and timely data enable the reduction of TB cases through informing adequate treatment to avoid spreading infection to the wider population unlike those with unreliable data. In this study, most of the health facilities data under-reported the number of TB cases, thus leading to poor program performance. We argue that, to improve program performance, data provided from different facilities should meet the five quality standards. The study recommends regular training of DOT nurses and improvement of monitoring and evaluation systems.
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    Drivers of Tourism in Zanzibar
    (Dar es Salaam University Press (DUP), 2016) Lema, A. Godwin
    Understanding drivers of tourism is important in transforming actors’ perceptions and ultimately the industry for sustainability. Motives, historical forces shaping tourism policy, legislations and their actual implementations is less researched. This paper exposes drivers of tourism in Zanzibar. It explains how the contested natural, cultural heritage, revolutionary regime, neoliberal structural adjustment, legislations and policy changes in the archipelago shape our understanding of tourism theory and practices overtime and space. It is generally founded that enduring political instability, conflicting institutional power struggles and variable interests have created unique unsustainable tourism practices and trends in the island. Overall, the paper contributes to an understanding of the use of post structural critical theory and political ecology approach in rethinking the future of tourism policy and legislations with references to island destinations in developing economies.
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    Strategic environmental assessment for low-carbon development: developing an analysis framework, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management
    (Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2022-05-17) Amani, G. Rweyendela; Noah, M. Pauline; Lema, A. Godwin
    Understanding of strategic environmental assessment’s (SEA) influence on low-carbon development (LCD) is critical as societies strive to decarbonize without jeopardizing economic growth. As best practice perceptions are still evolving, plausible conceptual and analytical frameworks are needed. This paper offers a conceptual clarification and proposes a framework for analyzing environmental reports. We employed a multi-phased, mixed-methods approach. The first phase involved an integrative literature review that combined theoretical insights from LCD and transition management with SEA’s procedural aspects. The extracted data was used to develop an initial framework in the second phase. The third phase utilized an international case study and expert consultations to illustrate, validate and refine the framework. The resulting framework comprises five review areas to be verified by a series of review questions reflecting good practice. It could assist SEA researchers, practitioners, responsible authorities, policymakers and environmental agencies better understand, prioritize and address the issue of LCD.
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    Weather Forecasting and Communication in the Upper Great Ruaha Catchment Area in eds. P.Z. Yanda et al. Climate Change Impacts and Sustainability: Ecosystems of Tanzania,
    (CABI International, 2020) Mwajombe, R. Anselm; Lema, A. Godwin
    Effective weather forecast dissemination depends on how effective dissemination channels are in informing decision making for improved management of water resources and livelihood activities, which depend on water resources in catchment areas. In this chapter, the effectiveness of the channels for weather forecast dissemination is assessed in terms of magnitude of awareness creation and versatility to end users. Our findings show that both traditional and conventional channels of weather forecasting and communication can be used to create awareness to end users in various parts of the country. For local communities, traditional weather forecasting and communicating were contingent on indigenous knowledge acquired through interaction with the local environment. Such information was accessed through indicators or signs that entail plant phenology, astronomical and meteorological events as well as mammals’ behaviour. Conventional forecasting is communicated via modern communication technologies including radio, television, the internet and posted letters. Communication of traditional weather forecasting is mainly through oral traditions. Results from our respondents revealed that 40% received weather forecasts through traditional channels, 11% through modern channels and 49% through modern and traditional channels. The majority of respondents said that weather forecasts from modern sources were not reliable to inform the decision-making process when compared with traditional sources. The study recommends synchronizing modern and traditional channels for effective weather forecast delivery.