Browsing by Author "Kulindwa, K."

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Tourism Growth for Sustainable Development in Tanzania
    (Dar es Salaam University Press (DUP), 2001) Kulindwa, K.; Sosovele, H.; Mashindano, O.
    The effect of macro-economic reform on social and environmental well-being and sustainability was studied, using the case of tourism development in Tanzania. In 1997, Tanzania received 2% of the 23.3 million tourists who visited the African continent and earned about 4.5% of the total earnings. In 1998, the contribution of tourism to GDP rose to 7.4%. In 1999, 35 tourist hunting companies were registered, of which 16 were wholly owned by Tanzanians, while 4 were joint ventures. The contribution of tourism to employment creation is considerable. The main environmental effects include untreated effluent discharges into the sea by tourist installations in beach areas, mangrove destruction, beach erosion, environmental degradation in the parks, and the depletion of ebony resources for "Makonde" carvings. On the one hand, tourism development has renewed the entrepreneurial culture. On the other hand, prostitution, drug abuse, alcoholism, child labour, and truancy are emerging. It is concluded that government tight fiscal policies, including retrenchment of civil servants, has reduced the capacity to stop poaching. Privatization of public tourism facilities could improve tourist services. Investment incentives are likely to benefit more foreign investors than existing small and local investors. Future growth is hampered by the lack of infrastructure
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The Winners and Losers in the Finfish Trade on Mafia Island A Value Chain Analysis
    (Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Sciences, 2013) Kulindwa, K.; Lokina, Razack B.
    Fish trade on Mafia Island involves several players in the value chain from fishing to the plate, either on Mafia Island or mainland Tanzania. This paper investigates the different actors in the value chain to establish how much each of them invests in the process of adding value to fish as a traded commodity, and how much they gain from it, with the intention of establishing who are the winners and losers in the fish trade. The results showed that small-scale fishers in Mafia are mostly on the losing side, spending long hours preparing for and undertaking the risky activity of fishing in rudimentary canoes, plus the cost of maintenance and the acquisition of their fishing gear. Due to their disadvantaged position and lacking the necessary facilities for the preservation and storage of their catch, they are forced to sell it at low prices in prearranged market arrangements to avoid spoilage and, therefore, incur loss. The findings of this study indicated where a major policy change would improve fishers’ welfare. Arrangements need to be made for small-scale fishers and female fish vendors to access markets to improve their gain at most fish landing and trading sites. This would help to reward the hard work and risk taken by fishers and women fish vendors, and reduce their poverty.