Browsing by Author "Katapa, R. S."
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Item 4. Arranged Marriages(1994) Katapa, R. S.Item Caretakers of AIDS Patients in Rural Tanzania(2004) Katapa, R. S.Socio-economic characteristics of caretakers of bed-ridden AIDS patients in two rural communities of Rungwe district, Tanzania were sought. The study also explored what caretaking entailed. Data were collected from 60 caretakers between September and November 2002. The proportion of female caretakers was significantly higher than that of male caretakers; the majority of the caretakers were old. The majority of the AIDS patients were family members of the caretakers. The caretakers' households lacked basic needs for the patients. Some of the caretakers sold family assets in order to buy medicines for the patients. Most of the caretakers worked under stress and there was no one to counsel them. Community members offered very little or no support to caretakers and the households were stigmatized. People in the communities knew about HIV/AIDS transmission, but their behaviour did not match their knowledge.Item Comparison of Estimators of Interclass and Intraclass Correlations from Familial Data(Wiley, 1986) Srivastava, M. S.; Katapa, R. S.When familles have different numbers of offspring, Srivastava (1984) gave an alternative approach to deriving the maximum-likelihood estimators of inter- and intraclass correlations, which requires solving only one equation. Since the procedure is iterative and requires considerable computation, several alternative estimators have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, a comparison is made between the maximum-likelihood estimator and two alternative estimators proposed by Srivastava (1984). By obtaining the asymptotic normal distributions of the estimators, it is shown that one of the easily computable estimators is comparable to the maximum-likelihood estimator.Item A Comparison of Female-and Male-Headed Households in Tanzania and Poverty Implications(Cambridge University Press, 2006) Katapa, R. S.Female- and male-headed households were compared using data from a Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Tanzania in 1996. Chi-squared tests showed that sex of head of household was highly significantly associated with: residence, household size and composition, radio ownership, having enough food to eat, and age and marital status of head of household. An analysis by the logit regression model showed that female-headed households were more likely than male-headed households to be in rural areas, be small, have fewer men, not have radios and not have enough food to eat. The majority of female heads of households were unmarried and older than male heads of households. The implication is that female-headed households are poorer than male-headed households.Item Estimation of Interclass and Intraclass Correlations in Multivariate Familial Data(1988) Srivastava, M. S.; Keen, K. J.; Katapa, R. S.Asymptotically normal estimators of interclass and intraclass correlations are derived for more than two quantitative characteristics of parent and siblings in a simple random sampling of families that have different numbers of offspring. These estimators are proposed as an alternative to the maximum likelihood estimators, which can be found only by iterative methods requiring prohibitively large amounts of computation. The asymptotic variances of the proposed estimators are also given. In an illustrative example, these easily computable estimators are seen to be comparable to the corresponding maximum likelihood estimators.Item Gender Differences in School Performance: Evidence Form the National Form IV Examination Result and Implications for Poverty(1999) Katapa, R. S.; Swilla, Imani N.Item Knowledge on HIV/AIDS and Sexual Behaviour among Youths in Kibaha District, Tanzania(2008) Lema, L. A.; Katapa, R. S.; Musa, A. S.Sub-Saharan Africa is more heavily affected by HIV/AIDS than any other region in the World. Half of all new HIV infections occur in young people. Identifi cation of the associated factors is likely to be useful in designing effective interventions. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the determinants of high-risk sexual behaviours among youths in Kibaha District, Tanzania. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The survey gathered data pertaining to the sexual healthy behaviours among youths, including condom use, number of sexual partners, age at fi rst sexual involvement and knowledge on sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS. A total of 322 individuals aged 15-24 years were involved in the study. More than 69% had sex at least once in their life time. Only about one-third (32.3%) of the youths reported to have used condom during the fi rst sexual intercourse and 37% during the last sex. About 21.7% of the respondents acknowledged having more than one sexual partner in the last 12 months. The majority (98.4%) of the respondents have heard of HIV/AIDS. About three quarters (74.8%) of the respondents knew where to get HIV testing services but only a small proportion (28.9%) had tested for HIV infection. Of those not yet tested, 38.2% admitted that they were ready to do so. Although 317 (98.4%) respondents were aware of HIV/AIDS, and majority, 65.2% mentioned condom as the method used to prevent its transmission, only 117 (36.3%) acknowledged using them. In conclusion, despite good knowledge on transmission of HIV among youths in Kibaha district, only a small proportion of them practices safe sex. Education programmes on safe sex practices should be strengthened to provide skills that could be effective in changing and maintaining safe sex behaviours among youths in Tanzania.Item Mother's Marital Status as a Correlate of Child Welfare in Tanzania(1993) Katapa, R. S.Item Social Factors Associated with Female Household Headship in Tanzania.(1994) Katapa, R. S.The Tanzania Health and Demographic Survey (TDHS) conducted in 1991/92 shows that 18.5% of Tanzanian households are headed by women. Using the TDHS household questionnaire data, logit regression model analysis have shown that female heads of households are older and less educated than the male heads of households. The models have also shown that female headed households are smaller in size and have fewer adult males than the male headed ones. Female headed households are over-represented in urban areas.Item Teenage Mothers in Their Second Pregnancies(1998) Katapa, R. S.Item A Test of Hypothesis on Familial Correlations(1993) Katapa, R. S.When familial data are analysed, the model usually employed assumes independence of family observations and constancy of interclass and intraclass correlations. A statistic for testing the validity of the assumptions of family independence and constant interclass and intraclass correlations is developed. The test statistic is for constant family size; it has an asymptotic chi-square distribution. An example to illustrate the theory is given using Frets's data on head lengths. A recommendation is made on how to apply the test to the general case of varying family sizes. Another recommendation is made on models to be tried once the null hypothesis is rejected.Item Time Use Comparison of Female and Male Teenagers in Tanzania(2005) Katapa, R. S.A study on phase-1 time use in Tanzania was carried out by the Department of Statistics between January and February 2005. The phase-2 study was conducted between March and August 2005. The questionnaire method was employed in collecting data for the phase-1 study and data for the phase-2 study was collected by the diary method. In both phases, youths including teenage girls and boys were among people from whom data was collected. This paper is concerned with analysing data on teenagers from the phase-1 study