Browsing by Author "Hyden, Goran"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Agencies in Foreign Aid
    (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999) Hyden, Goran; Mukandala, Rwekaza S.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Challenges and Opportunities to Climate Change Adaptation and Sustainable Development Among Tanzanian Rural Communities
    (2010) Dungumaro, Esther W.; Hyden, Goran
    In more recent years climate change impacts have been obvious around the globe. This non-contentious reality has resulted in various global initiatives to reduce climate change impacts. However, differences exist in opportunities and capacity to adaptation. This paper, descriptive in nature, draws heavily from literature and also uses 2002 Tanzanian population and housing census to identify and discuss major challenges and opportunities to climate change adaptation and sustainable development in rural areas of Tanzania. Two groups are of focus; pastoralist herders and smallholder farmers. Analysis indicates that opportunities to climate change adaptation among rural community include their knowledge and experience. Challenges are centered on the pervasive poverty, rapid population increase and high illiteracy rates. Forces beyond their control including funds and governance also present definite limits to climate change adaptation. The paper suggests among others, the effective implementation of two top policies: education and social security funding.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Studying Foreign Aid Organizations: Theory and Concepts
    (Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999) Hyden, Goran; Mukandala, Rwekaza S.
    In the early 1990s some US$50 billion were transferred from donor to recipient countries every year in the form of ODA, making bilateral and multilateral agencies very important actors in international relations and the national politics of many Third World countries. Although ODA constituted on average only one-third of a per cent of the gross national product (GNP) of the member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the relative importance of the ODA contributions on the recipient side was very significant, especially in low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Berlage and Stokke (1992:1) note that, in 1988–89, these countries received ODA equalling 14.2 per cent of their GNP. This compares with just a little over 1 per cent of GNP for countries such as Thailand and Mexico. By the mid-1990s, the situation in many of these African low-income countries was such that over half of the annual government budget was being financed from external sources. Much of it was being used to keep the day-to-day affairs of the government going. According to Family Mirror (August 1992), a respected private newspaper in Dar es Salaam, the major urban centre in Tanzania, foreign aid there constituted about two-thirds of the national budget in 1992. As in many other African countries, foreign aid had become the life-line of the Tanzanian government.