Browsing by Author "Hussein, J. M."

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    Antioxidant Properties of Seven Wild Edible Mushrooms from Tanzania
    (2015-09-30) Hussein, J. M.; Tibuhwa, Donatha D.; Mshandete, A. M.; Kivaisi, A. K.
    Consumption of mushroom has increased remarkably because of their desirable aroma, taste and high nutritional content. Wild edible mushrooms (WEM) are well known for their nutritious and antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to measure and compare the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of six WEM from selected indigenous Tanzanian forests and one domesticated grown form in methanolic extracts. Results show that among the seven mushroom species extracts, the methanolic extract from Auricularia judae showed the most potent radical scavenging activity of 93.33% while Panus conchatus revealed lowest antioxidant activities of 46.53%. The strongest EC50 was observed in Auricularia judae 0.08 mg/ml while weakest was in P. conchatus >0.3 mg/ml. Nevertheless total phenolics in the methanolic extracts were the highest in P. tenuiculus (431.03±3.63 mg GAE/100 g) and lowest in Macrolepiota procera (136.21±0.98 mgGAE/100 g). Lentinus squarrosulus possessed highest content of β-carotene and flavonoids were 48.15±1.04 mg/100 g and 25.62±1.78 mg/100 g, respectively meanwhile the lowest concentration was found in wild L. sajor-caju 5.35±0.68 mg/100 g and 2.49±1.28 mg/100 g, respectively. Comparatively, domesticated mushroom showed higher scavenging ability of 76.61% than its wild counterparts 62.94%. In conclusion, high antioxidant activity in methanolic extract of WEM due to presence of phenolic content can potentially be used as a source of natural antioxidants.
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    Molecular Phylogeny of Saprophytic Wild Edible Mushroom Species from Tanzania Based on ITS and nLSU rDNA Sequences
    (2014) Hussein, J. M.; Tibuhwa, Donatha D.; Mshandete, A. M.; Kivaisi, A. K.
    many different saprophytic wild edible mushrooms (SWEM). Few studies have been carried out on characterizing these mushrooms, and those have used conventional methods whereby taxa were characterized using micro- and macromorphological features which are subtle and sometime fail to delimit closely related taxa. In this study, eight SWEM taxa were characterized using two molecular markers—the Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the nuclear large subunit (nLSU). The studied sequences were analyzed together with an additional of 19 GenBank sequences of related taxa in the genera Lentinus, Polyporus, Panus, Macrolepiota and Auricularia with maximum likelihood and Aspergillus niger as an outgroup. The BLAST search results on the NCBI database showed that the studied SWEM have ≥ 92% identity for ITS and ≥ 97 % identity for LSU. The phylogenetic tree constructed using the ITS data set revealed two major distinct clades with bootstrap support of 77% and 90% and five sub-clades supporting the five genera. The bootstrap support were 94% for Lentinus, 100% for Polyporus, 98% for Panus, 98% for Macrolepiota and 90 % for Auricularia, while the nLSU data set revealed the same two major distinct clades but with higher bootstrap support of 91% and 100%. The five subclades again supporting the five genera were 100% for Lentinus, 100% for Pluteus, 100% for Panus, 99% for Macrolepiota and 100% for Auricularia. From these results, it is clear that both ITS and LSU delineated the SWEM taxa to the six genera. However, the obtained support values showed that ITS sequences have the highest possibility of successful delineating the studied SWEM to species level than LSU. Moreover, the result also showed the genus Panus forming a monopyletic clade with Lentinus and Polyporus, thus contributing towards a better understanding of its problematic taxonomic ambiguities.