Browsing by Author "Haule, Liberato"
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Item FTIR ANALYSIS OF COTTON FABRIC DYED WITH NATURAL DYES(University of Dar es Salaam, 2016-09-01) Haule, Liberato; Nambela, Lutamyo; Samwel, JustineThe application of synthetic dyes has been questioned due to the associated negative impact of the chemicals used during dye manufacturing of the dyes. Scientists are searching for an alternative source of textile dyes whose sustainability is potentially better that the traditional synthetic dyes. Dyes from plants are have previously been researched and a dominant category of such dyes is the indigo dyes mainly used for dyeing of denim jeans. In Tanzania some entrepreneurs have successfully managed to extract dyes form dry leaves of certain plants and such dyes are used for the “tie –and dye” of cotton fabrics. While the chemical nature of such dyes remains the secret of the inventor, the chemical environment of the dye when applied in cotton fabric is yet established. In this paper the surface of cotton fabric dyed with locally manufactured dye were characterised by the use of Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) in order to understand the performance of the locally manufactured natural dyesItem TEXTILE RECYCLING: A REVIEW(University of Dar es Salaam, 2016-09-01) Haule, LiberatoTextile recycling has a long history in the developing world. The original reasons for textile reclamation were efficient utilization of resources, whereby waste garments could be reconstructed into cheap clothes for disadvantaged societies and other application such as wipes and flock fillings for upholstery. The second reason for textile recycling came into existence due to an increase in industrialization hence pressure on environmental protection. To date the level of textile recycling is determined by the value of the recycled products and the level of wastes generated. There are various reasons for increasing in textile wastes, but the main is the increase in number of fashion affluences. While the number of fashion affluences increase, the cost for waste disposal increases and the source of material for making new fibres decreases. Therefore this paper reviews the global textile recycling technologies from the 17th century to date. This comprehensive review may bring in focus of the available recycling technologies from which innovative recycling ideas can be built in order to save the world from increasing pollution caused by textile.Item X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS OF REGENERATE CELLULOSIC FIBRES(University of Dar es Salaam, 2016-09-01) Haule, LiberatoX-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) technique was used to study four different types of regenerated cellulosic fibres; fibres regenerated form 100% plain woven waste cotton garment, fibres reclaimed from 100% indigo dyed waste denim, fibres regenerated from blend of wood pulp and waste garment pulp and fibres regenerated from high purity wood pulp. The fibres were regenerated from N-methyl N- morpholine oxide (NMMO) solution and then analysed using XPS. The high resolution spectra of the analysed fibres indicated that the fibres regenerated from cotton waste garments were affected by oxidative degradation either during its first life cycle or during the purification and regeneration processes. The fibres reclaimed from indigo dyed waste denim revealed presence of traces of dyes on the surface