Browsing by Author "Gandure, Jerekias"
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Item Experimental Investigations of Fuel Properties of Biodiesel Derived from Tylosema Esculentum Kernel Oil(Taylor & Francis, 2013) Gandure, Jerekias; Ketlogetswe, Clever; Temu, Abraham K.The alternative fuels debate continues to attract the attention of researchers and scientists globally. This paper reports experimental results on selected properties of biodiesel derived from Tylosema Esculentum kernel oil and compares them with similar properties of petroleum diesel to assess its suitability for use as fuel in diesel engines. Results indicate an ester content of 90% for tylosema biodiesel fuel, while its viscosity profile meets requirements of American standards for biodiesel fuel (ASTM D 6751-02). The flash point and cold flow properties of tylosema biodiesel were found to be typical of a biodiesel fuel, while its acidity is within range of both American and European standards by 72.5%, and 56% respectively. It was also observed that biodiesel engine performance is marginally better than that of petroleum diesel, with lower concentrations of hydrocarbon emissions. Levels of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide (CO) are largely comparable to those of petroleum diesel.Item Fuel properties of biodiesel produced from selected plant kernel oils indigenous to Botswana: A comparative analysis(Elsevier, 2014) Gandure, Jerekias; Ketlogetswe, Clever; Temu, Abraham K.Fuel characteristics of biodiesel derived from kernel oils of Sclerocarya birrea, Tylosema esculentum, Schiziophyton rautanenii and Jatropha curcas plants were investigated in comparison with petroleum diesel. The fuel properties under review include flash point, cloud point, kinematic viscosity, density, calorific value, acid value, and free fatty acids. These were determined and discussed in light of major biodiesel standards such as ASTM D 6751 (American Society for Testing and Materials) and EN 14214 (European standards). The best biofuel in terms of cold flow properties was S. rautanenii, with a cloud point of 0°C and a pour point of -5°C. The good cold flow properties demonstrate operational viability during the cold season. The heating values of S. birrea and S. rautanenii biodiesel fuels were found to be 9.2% and 10.3% lower than that of petroleum diesel while those of T. esculentum and J. curcas were both 9.7% lower. Other fuel properties analysed demonstrate that biodiesel fuels produced from kernel oils of S. birrea, T. esculentum, S. rautanenii and J. curcas plants have properties that are comparable to, and in some cases better than, those of petroleum diesel. The results of this study indicate the feasibility of producing quality biodiesel fuel from indigenous seed oils found in Botswana. A balanced allocation of resources however needs to be established to ensure that the cultivation of these oil-bearing plants does not compete with the cultivation of food crops.Item Investigating Schiziophyton Rautanenii Biodiesel as Fuel for the Diesel Engine(2014) Gandure, Jerekias; Ketlogetswe, Clever; Temu, Abraham K.The search for plant kernel oils for use as potential substrates for production of biodiesel continues to draw global attention. In the current paper, the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel derived fromschiziophyton rautaneniikernel oil were investigated in a diesel engine. The parameters investigated are brake thermal efficiency, engine torque, brake power, specific fuel consumption, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen and soot production. The results indicate that Schiziophyton rautanenii biodiesel used in this study was comparable to petroleum diesel in terms of performance and emission characteristics, and is recommended for use in diesel engines.Item Performance and Emission Characteristics of Tylosema Esculentum Biodiesel in a Diesel Engine: An Experimental Investigation(David Publishing, 2014) Gandure, Jerekias; Ketlogetswe, Clever; Temu, Abraham K.Biodiesel derived from indigenous feed stocks such as Tylosema esculentum kernel oil is deemed a feasible alternative to petroleum diesel for the diesel engine. This paper presents results of investigation of performance and emissions characteristics of diesel engine using Tylosema biodiesel. In this investigation, Tylosema biodiesel was prepared, analyzed and compared with the performance of petroleum diesel fuel using a single cylinder compression ignition diesel engine. The specific fuel consumption, engine torque, engine brake power, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were analyzed. The tests showed a decrease in engine brake power and torque with increase in engine load, while specific fuel consumption showed an increasing trend with maximum variation of 33% between the two fuels at engine load of 90%. Emission levels of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide showed an increasing trend with increase in load for both fuels. Tylosema biodiesel produced significantly lower concentrations of hydrocarbons than petroleum diesel, while levels of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide were largely comparable to those of petroleum diesel. Soot production from combustion of Tylosema biodiesel was found to be approximately 98% lower than that from combustion of petroleum biodiesel, demonstrating insignificant contribution to environmental pollution