Browsing by Author "Bushozi, Pastory G.M."
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Item The Acheulean sites from South Escarpment(2009-01) Rodrigo, Manuel D.; Serrallonga, Jordi; Luque, L.; Martín, Fernando D.; Alcalá, Luis; Bushozi, Pastory G.M.Item The archaeology of the Middle Pleistocene deposits of Lake Eyasi, Tanzania(2007-05) Rodrigo, Manuel D.; Martín, Fernando D.; Mabulla, Audax ZP.; Luque, L.; Alcalá, Luis; Vinagre, Antonio T.; Sáez, José A. L.; Barba, R.; Bushozi, Pastory G.M.Ongoing archaeological research at North Lake Eyasi has produced a wealth of information, including a new hominid fossil and several archaeological sites dating to the end of the Middle Pleistocene. One of the sites (WB9) has been excavated and has produced evidence of multiple processes in its formation, including evidence of functional associations of stone tools and faunal remains which are scarce for this time period. The stone tool industry is based on a core and flake industry, which is not very diagnostic and attributed to MSA. Earlier heavy-duty tools classified as Sangoan may derive from the underlying Eyasi Beds. The stratigraphic provenience of previous fossil hominids is unknown. Surface collections from the Eyasi lake, thus, comprise two different sets of stone tools and fossils, which can only be clearly differentiated in the field. This advises against the use of previously curated collections as a homogeneous sample. Earlier definitions of the Njarasa industry should be revised. This work presents results on the paleoecology of the area and of its paleontological and archaeological information, with special reference to the excavation of WB9, the most complete site discovered in the area so far. This contributes to the limited information available about site functionality and hominid subsistential behaviour in East Africa during the end of the Middle Pleistocene. A technological study from WB9 also shows the variability of stone tool traditions at this timeItem The Archaeology of the Middle Pleistocene deposits of Lake Eyasi, Tanzania.(Journal of African Archaeology, 2007) Dominguez, Guillermo Rodriguez; Mabulla, Audax Z.P.; Diez-Martin, F.; Luque, L.; Tarrino, A.; Lopez-Sanz, J.A.; Barba, R.; Bushozi, Pastory G.M.Item The archaeology of the North Escarpment(2009-01) Rodrigo, Manuel D.; Martín, F. D.; Luque, L.; Alcalá, Luis; Bushozi, Pastory G.M.Item An assessment of strategies for cultural heritage management and tourism development in the Eyasi basin, northern Tanzania.(Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 2015) Bushozi, Pastory G.M.Item A functional study of MSA points: evidence from Mumba rock-shelter, Tanzania(Journal of African Archaeological Network, 2013) Bushozi, Pastory G.M.Item Lithic Technology and Hunting Behaviour during the Middle Stone Age in Tanzania(Taylor & Francis, 2012-02) Bushozi, Pastory G.M.Stone tools have a critical role to play in our understanding of the behavior of early humans. In particular, the types of raw materials that are present in stone tool assemblages, and the sources from which they are acquired, provide information relating to decision-making processes, planning, the organisation of technology and group mobility. The characterisation of Stone Age lithic artefact assemblages from two rockshelter sites in southern Tanzania, Magubike and Mlambalasi, allowed for the evaluation of inter- and intra-assemblage variability. Raw material characterisation was conducted using macroscopic and microscopic analyses. Numerous raw material sourcing studies have been undertaken on Stone Age lithic assemblages recovered from sites in Tanzania and the rest of East Africa. Generally, these studies have concentrated on identifying the sources of a particular type of stone raw material, such as chert, obsidian and basalt; however, the attributes of the whole assemblage have only rarely been examined. Furthermore, few archaeologists describe stone materials in terms of their basic petrographic characteristics. Both of these weaknesses are the direct result of the lack of a standardised methodology for describing lithic raw materials. This thesis therefore outlines a strategy for raw material sourcing, with a focus on description and grounded in geoarchaeological theory. When combined with typological and technological analyses, the results of the raw material analyses suggest the exclusive use of locally acquired stoneItem The Middle and Later Stone Age of Iringa, Southern Tanzania(Nyame Akuma, 2007) Biittner, K.M.; Bushozi, Pastory G.M.; Willoughby, P.Item Middle Stone Age (MSA) points form and function: evidence from Magubike rock-shelter, Southern Tanzania(Journal of African Archaeological network, 2012) Bushozi, Pastory G.M.Item A new archaic Homo sapiens fossil from Lake Eyasi, Tanzania(2008-06) Rodrigo, Manuel D.; Mabulla, Audax ZP.; Luque, L.; Thompson, J. W.; Rink, W.J; Bushozi, Pastory G.M.; Martín, Fernando D.; Alcalá, LuisThe Kohl Larsen expeditions to Lake Eyasi (Tanzania) in the early 20th century discovered the remains of three hominid skulls, one of them fairly complete (Eyasi 1), of unknown Middle Pleistocene age (Mehlman, 1984, 1989). The lack of chronological control resulted in the exclusion of these remains from the mainstream of discussions concerning the emergence of Homo sapiens. Since then, a hominid mandible and occipital fragments have been discovered (Mehlman, 1989; Brauer and Mabulla, 1996). Recently a new frontal bone was retrieved from the lake sediments in association with a core and flake industry classified within the early MSA (Middle Stone Age) tradition (Domı´nguez-Rodrigo et al., 2007). All these specimens come from the areas of Northeast Bay and West Bay into which the fossiliferous Eyasi region can be divided (Mehlman, 1987, 1989; Fig. 1). Lake Eyasi is an asymmetric lacustrine basin in relation to the Tanzanian Divergence Zone of the Gregory Rift. It is situated south of the Crater Highlands and is formed by a tectonic step constituted by the escarpment resulting from a northwest fault. A flexure zone can be documented to the east where the Proterozoic and Archaean basement outcrops (Ebinger et al., 1997). The Eyasi lake basin adopted its modern form about 1 million years ago (Pickering, 1961; Mac IntyrItem Raw material procurement and Hunting Behaviour during the Middle and Later Stone Age at Nasera, northern Tanzania,(Journal of African Archaeological Network, 2013) Bushozi, Pastory G.M.Item The rock-art of Iringa, southern Tanzania.(Journal of African Archaeological Network, 2015) Bushozi, Pastory G.M.; Itambu, Macarius P.Item Towards sustainable heritage management in Tanzania: a case study of Kalenga and Mlambalasi sites in Iringa, southern Tanzania(The South African Archaeological Bulletin, 2014) Bushozi, Pastory G.M.