Browsing by Author "Azmi, Marwan Hadri"

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    Performance of Full-Duplex Wireless Back-Haul Link under Rain Effects Using E-Band 73 GHz and 83 GHz in Tropical Area
    (MDPI, 2020-09-03) Al-Saman, Ahmed; Mohamed, Marshed; Cheffena, Michael; Azmi, Marwan Hadri; Rahman, Tharek
    This paper presents rain attenuation effects on the performance of the full-duplex link in a tropical region based on one-year measurement data at 73.5- and 83.5-GHz E-band for distances of 1.8 km (longer links) and 300 m (shorter links). The measured rain attenuations were analyzed for four links, and the throughput degradation due to rain was investigated. The findings from this work showed that the rain attenuation for both frequencies (73.5 and 83.5 GHz) of E-band links are the same. The rain rates above 108 and 193 mm/h caused an outage for the longer and shorter links, respectively. The 73.5 and 83.5 GHz bands can support the full-duplex wireless back-haul link under rainy conditions with outage probability of 2.9×10−4 and 6×10−5 for the longer and shorter links, respectively. This work also finds that the heavy rain with rain rates above 80 mm/h for long link and 110 mm/h for short link causes about 94% and 0.90% degradation of maximum throughput. The application of these findings would help improve the architecture and service of full-duplex wireless E-band links that are established at other sites and in other tropical areas.
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    Rain Attenuation Measurements and Analysis at 73 GHz E-Band Link in Tropical Region
    (IEEE, 2020-03-25) Al-saman, Ahmed; Mohamed, Marshed; Ai, Yun; Cheffena, Michael; Azmi, Marwan Hadri; Rahman, Tharek
    This letter presents the rainfall intensity and rain attenuation analysis in tropical region based on a one-year measurement using the 73.5 GHz E-band link of 1.8 km with three rain gauges installed along the path. The measured rain rate and rain attenuation were analysed and bench-marked with previous measurements and prediction models. The findings from this work showed that Malaysia agrees with the ITU-R rain prediction model of Zone P by 99.99% of time. The maximum measured rain attenuation exceeding 0.03% of the year is around 40.1 dB at the maximum rain rate of 108 mm/h.
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    Statistical Analysis of Rain at Millimeter Waves in Tropical Area
    (IEEE, 202-03-09) Al-saman, Ahmed; Cheffena, Michael; Mohamed, Marshed; Azmi, Marwan Hadri; Ai, Yun
    The high frequencies of millimeter wave (mm-wave) bands have been recognized for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless communication networks. However, the radio propagation channel at high frequencies can be largely influenced by rain attenuation, especially in tropical regions with high rainfall intensity. In this paper, we present the results of rainfall intensity and rain attenuation in tropical regions based on one-year measurement campaign. The measurements were conducted from September 2018 until September 2019 at 21.8 GHz (K-band) and 73.5 GHz (E-band) in Malaysia. The rainfall intensity was collected using three rain gauges installed along a 1.8 km link. The rain attenuation is computed from the difference between the measured minimum received signal level (RSL) during clear sky and rain conditions. The measured rain rate and rain attenuation distributions are then analysed and benchmarked with several previous measurements and well-known prediction models such as the ITU-R P. 530-17. The rainfall rate results showed that the best agreement between the measured rainfall rate in Malaysia and the ITU-R PN.837-1 prediction value for Zone P is up to 0.01% of time (99.99% of time agrees well and only disagrees for 0.01% of time). For the E-band, the maximum measured rain attenuation exceeding 0.03% of the year is around 40.1 and 20 dB for 1.8 and 0.3 km links, respectively, at the maximum rain rate of 108 mm/h. For the K-band, the maximum rain attenuation exceeding 0.01% of the year is around 31 dB for the 1.8 km link. Finally, the rain rates exceeding 108 and 180 mm/h at 73.5 and 21.8 GHz, respectively, along the 1.8 km path caused an outage on our measurement setup. The rain rate of 193 mm/h and above caused an outage for the 0.3 km E-band link. The experimental data as well as the presented data analysis can be utilized for efficient planning and deployments of mm-wave wireless communication systems in tropical regions.