Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology

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Browsing Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology by Author "Amana, Mzee J."

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    Evaluation of Enzymatic Activity during Vegetative Growth and Fruiting of Pleurotus HK 37 on Agave sisalana Saline Solid Waste
    (2013) Mutemi, Muthangya; Mshandete, Anthony M.; Hashim, Suhaila O.; Amana, Mzee J.; Kivaisi, Amelia K.
    Mushroom cultivation is an effective method for the production of nutritional food in addition to offering a holistic approach to agro waste management by utilization of the abundant lignocellulosic waste including sisal leaf decortications waste (SLDW). Production of 1 kg of mushrooms generates 5 kg of a co-product called spent mushroom substrate (SMS). Alternative means of disposal of the resulting SMS is production of extracellular enzymes generated by mushrooms during their growth and development. In this study, Pleurotus HK 37 was studied for its ability to produce laccase manganese peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP) and xylanase on SLDW under solid-state fermentation. Laccase activities reached the highest values of 27.3 U/ml when the substrate was fully colonised. The activity then declined with each subsequent harvest to 15.0 U/ml. MnP assay had two peaks of 8.9 U/ml and 8.0 U/ml on full colonisation and during the 3rd flush, while LiP and xylanase activities had highest recorded activities of 0.34 U/ml and 0.28 U/ml, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate the potential utilization of sisal leaf decortications waste as raw materials for simultaneous production of edible mushrooms and extracellular enzymes from a commercial fungus, Pleurotus HK 37, which is a potential biotechnological application.
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    Nutritional and Antioxidant Analysis of Pleurotus Hk 37 Grown on Agave Sisalana Saline Solid Waste
    (2014) Mutemi, Muthangya; Mshandete, Anthony M.; Amana, Mzee J.; Hashim, Suhaila O.; Kivaisi, Amelia K.
    Mushrooms consumed in recent times have increased both in the amounts as well as the number of species consumed. The main bioactive components in mushroom are phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, β-carotene and lycopene. Mushrooms are also rich in crude protein, vitamins, amino acids, crude fibre and minerals. The objective of this study was to determine nutritive and antioxidant potential of sun dried Pleurotus HK 37 grown on Agave sisalana waste, grass (Panicum coloratum) and in a combined substrate of the two at 50:50 (w/w). Standard procedures were used to determine the proximate chemical composition and antioxidant properties of the samples. Moisture content, crude protein and crude fibre ranged between 12.31-13.61, 17.08-31.14% and 6.12-6.82%, respectively. Macro elements Ca, Mg, Na, K, and P were also found in substantial amounts with K being present in exceedingly higher amount (537.31-631.91 mg/100g) than macro minerals. The samples from the three substrates contained antioxidant β-carotene (4.24-5.07 mg/100g), lycopene (4.44- 5.05 mg/100g), Vitamin C (5.07-5.29±0.02 mg/100g), phenols (350.82-830.97 mg of GAEs/g) and flavanoids (32.21-61.11 mg RE/g). A combined substrate of sisal and grass was found to produce mushroom with high nutritional value although the phenolic content in mushrooms cultivate on sisal substrate was higher. The results further showed that, all the extracts exhibited scavenging ability and metal chelating activity. The findings show that Pleurotus HK 37 can be explored further for pharmaceutical application due to the high antioxidant potential alongside its consumption as a nutritious food.
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    Optimization of Pleurotus Mushroom Cultivation on Saline Sisal Solid Waste
    (2013) Mutemi, Muthangya; Hashim, Suhaila O.; Amana, Mzee J.; Mshandete, Anthony M.; Kivaisi, Amelia K.
    Mushrooms are a primary part of managing solid waste, building organic soil and returning minerals to the soil. Sisal processing in Kenya generates an estimated 611,875 tonnes of solid waste annually, which is discarded leading to environmental pollution. Sisal waste contains; lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses 4.5 %, 76.5 and 21.6 % respectively, which are ideal for mushroom cultivation. However, the waste from Kilifi Kenya has high concentrations of salts such as chlorides and sodium in the range of 31,857.12 and 20,660.28 mg/l, respectively, which are inhibitory to mycelia vegetative growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate pre treatment of saline sisal waste for mushroom production Two Pleurotus mushrooms commercials strains, Pleurotus. HK 37 and P. sapidus 969 were cultivated. The highest recorded biological efficiencies for P. HK 37 and P. sapidus 969 were 39.4% and 26.3% in cold water soaked substrate as well as 40.05% and 38.2% in a 1:1 co-substrate combination of grass and sisal waste, this can result to annual generation of 159,088 - 244,750 tonnes of fresh mushrooms. The results from this study indicate that saline sisal solid waste can be utilised for commercial mushroom production.